INHOUDSOPGAVE
1.Indeling zenuwstelsel ................................................................................................................................. 12
1.1 Anatomische indeling .................................................................................................................................. 12
1.2Fysiologische indeling .................................................................................................................................. 12
1.2.1 soort integratie...................................................................................................................................... 13
1.2.2 hierarchie : ........................................................................................................................................... 13
1.2.3.Richting signaal: ................................................................................................................................... 13
Bouw van een ‘zenuw’ .................................................................................................................................... 13
soorten zenuwcellen ......................................................................................................................................... 13
Bouww van een neuron ..................................................................................................................................... 13
lokalisatie neuron in ons lichaam ....................................................................................................................... 14
3.Definities bij de anatomie van het zenuwstelsel ........................................................................................... 15
3.1witte stof en grijze stof .................................................................................................................................. 15
3.2 zenuw en tractus ......................................................................................................................................... 15
zenuw= nervus .............................................................................................................................................. 15
structuur nevus ............................................................................................................................................. 15
tractus = baan ............................................................................................................................................... 15
nucleus= kern ............................................................................................................................................... 16
5.HET RUGGENMERG = medulla spinalis......................................................................................................... 16
5.1.anatomie: dwarse doorsnede dpoor de medulla spinalis ............................................................................... 16
grijze stof ...................................................................................................................................................... 16
witte stof....................................................................................................................................................... 16
5.2.nervus spinalis ............................................................................................................................................ 17
perifeer zenuwstelsel .................................................................................................................................... 17
vegatief zenuwstelsel .................................................................................................................................... 17
parasympaticus en perifere zenuwen ............................................................................................................. 18
5.3 fysiologie van de medulla spinalis ................................................................................................................. 19
de hersenstam .............................................................................................................................................. 20
functie hersenstam ........................................................................................................................................... 20
6.2.medulla oblongata ...................................................................................................................................... 21
anatomie hersenstam.................................................................................................................................... 21
6.3.pons ........................................................................................................................................................... 22
6.4.mesencephalon .......................................................................................................................................... 23
, 6.5Formatio reticularis: ..................................................................................................................................... 23
6.6.nervi craniales ............................................................................................................................................ 24
7.cerebellum ................................................................................................................................................. 25
7.1.anatomie cerebellum ............................................................................................................................... 25
7.2.HISTOLOGIE CEREBELLUM: ..................................................................................................................... 25
7.3.functie cerebellum: coördinatie motoriek ................................................................................................. 25
8.diencephalon= tussen hersenen .................................................................................................................. 26
8.1. III ventrikel ................................................................................................................................................. 26
8.2 thalamus .................................................................................................................................................... 26
8.3hypothalamus .............................................................................................................................................. 27
8.4 hypofyse ..................................................................................................................................................... 27
8.5 epifyse: ....................................................................................................................................................... 27
9.cerebrum = grote hersenen ......................................................................................................................... 27
9.1 anatomie cerebrum ..................................................................................................................................... 27
9.3.functie van de hersenen .............................................................................................................................. 30
motoriek ....................................................................................................................................................... 30
sensoriek ...................................................................................................................................................... 31
geheugen ...................................................................................................................................................... 32
persoonlijkheid ............................................................................................................................................. 32
dromen ......................................................................................................................................................... 34
10.vegetatief zenuwstelsel............................................................................................................................. 34
orthosyspaticus vs parasympaticus ............................................................................................................... 35
meningen ......................................................................................................................................................... 35
pia mater ...................................................................................................................................................... 36
dura mater .................................................................................................................................................... 36
epidurale ruimte ............................................................................................................................................ 36
structuur nervus ............................................................................................................................................ 36
durazak ........................................................................................................................................................ 37
arachnoidea.................................................................................................................................................. 37
Sub- archnoidale ruimte met liquor cerebrospinalis Granulaties = vlokken in durasinus = opname liqur ............ 37
hersenventrikels en liquor cerebrospinalis ......................................................................................................... 37
hersenventrikels............................................................................................................................................ 37
liquor cerebrospinalis .................................................................................................................................... 38
bloedvaten van de hersenen .............................................................................................................................. 38
de verschillende banen .................................................................................................................................. 39
dorsaal systeem= fasciculus gracilis en fasiculus cuneatus ................................................................................ 39
tractus spinothalamicus lateralis ....................................................................................................................... 40
pyramidale banen ............................................................................................................................................. 41
, extrapyramidale banen ..................................................................................................................................... 41
oefeningen ....................................................................................................................................................... 41
pijnfysiologie ................................................................................................................................................. 42
pijn .................................................................................................................................................................. 42
pijn bij de bevalling ............................................................................................................................................ 42
Functie pijn ...................................................................................................................................................... 43
oorzaken pijn .................................................................................................................................................... 43
waarneming pijn ............................................................................................................................................... 43
van receptor naar vezel ..................................................................................................................................... 43
twee klassen van nociceptor ............................................................................................................................. 44
A-delta vezels................................................................................................................................................ 44
C-vezels........................................................................................................................................................ 44
stimuli die nocireceptoren activeren .................................................................................................................. 44
bij een weefselbeschadiging .............................................................................................................................. 44
na korte tijd ...................................................................................................................................................... 45
substancia P ..................................................................................................................................................... 45
verder verloop somatosensorisch zenuwstelsel .................................................................................................. 45
autonoom zenuwstelsel .................................................................................................................................... 46
neuromodulatie bij pijn .................................................................................................................................. 46
eiwitten ......................................................................................................................................................... 47
albumine .......................................................................................................................................................... 47
globulinen ........................................................................................................................................................ 47
fibrogeen .......................................................................................................................................................... 47
hormonen ........................................................................................................................................................ 47
rol in plasma ..................................................................................................................................................... 48
CRP= c reactief proteine .................................................................................................................................... 48
anorganische stoffen ..................................................................................................................................... 48
natrium ............................................................................................................................................................ 48
hoeveelheid natrum in bloedbaan(Natriëmie) is afhankelijk van: ...................................................................... 48
kalium .............................................................................................................................................................. 49
metabole acidose.......................................................................................................................................... 49
metabole alkalose ......................................................................................................................................... 49
hypokaliëmie ................................................................................................................................................ 49
hyperkaliëmie ............................................................................................................................................... 49
kalium eliminatie is afhankelijk van: ............................................................................................................... 49
calcium ............................................................................................................................................................ 50
, fosfor ............................................................................................................................................................... 50
co2 .................................................................................................................................................................. 50
gas in oplossing ............................................................................................................................................. 50
vorming van bicarbonaat ............................................................................................................................... 51
CO2 in de erytrocyt ( rode bloedcel)................................................................................................................ 51
Co2 reageert met HB ......................................................................................................................................... 51
H2co3/HCO3- .................................................................................................................................................. 51
bloedanalyse anorganische bestanddelen...................................................................................................... 52
natrium ............................................................................................................................................................ 52
kalium .............................................................................................................................................................. 52
bloedcellen ................................................................................................................................................... 52
erythrocyt (rbc) ................................................................................................................................................. 52
aantal erythrocyten ....................................................................................................................................... 52
gehalte aan hemoglobine (hb) ........................................................................................................................ 53
functie rbc .................................................................................................................................................... 53
vervoer van Co2 door RBC.............................................................................................................................. 54
Erythropoëse ................................................................................................................................................ 54
hemolyse ...................................................................................................................................................... 54
bloedanalyse................................................................................................................................................. 55
mcv.................................................................................................................................................................. 55
thrombocyten ................................................................................................................................................... 55
Aanmaak thrombocyten in rood beenmerg ..................................................................................................... 55
afbraak thrombocyten ................................................................................................................................... 56
functie thrombocyten .................................................................................................................................... 56
leucocyten ....................................................................................................................................................... 56
soorten leucocyten........................................................................................................................................ 56
aanmaak van granulocyten (=leucopoïese) ..................................................................................................... 57
monocyten: rood beenmerg ........................................................................................................................... 57
lymfocyten .................................................................................................................................................... 57
functie van leucotyten ................................................................................................................................... 58
monocyten ....................................................................................................................................................... 58
neutrofielen ...................................................................................................................................................... 60
opsonisatie ................................................................................................................................................... 60
lymfocyten ....................................................................................................................................................... 61
b lymfocyten ................................................................................................................................................. 61
t lymfocyten .................................................................................................................................................. 61
verdedigingssysteem van de mens ................................................................................................................. 61
specifieke vs aspecifieke immuniteit .................................................................................................................. 62
aspecifieke humorale immunieit ........................................................................................................................ 62
lysozym ........................................................................................................................................................ 62
1.Indeling zenuwstelsel ................................................................................................................................. 12
1.1 Anatomische indeling .................................................................................................................................. 12
1.2Fysiologische indeling .................................................................................................................................. 12
1.2.1 soort integratie...................................................................................................................................... 13
1.2.2 hierarchie : ........................................................................................................................................... 13
1.2.3.Richting signaal: ................................................................................................................................... 13
Bouw van een ‘zenuw’ .................................................................................................................................... 13
soorten zenuwcellen ......................................................................................................................................... 13
Bouww van een neuron ..................................................................................................................................... 13
lokalisatie neuron in ons lichaam ....................................................................................................................... 14
3.Definities bij de anatomie van het zenuwstelsel ........................................................................................... 15
3.1witte stof en grijze stof .................................................................................................................................. 15
3.2 zenuw en tractus ......................................................................................................................................... 15
zenuw= nervus .............................................................................................................................................. 15
structuur nevus ............................................................................................................................................. 15
tractus = baan ............................................................................................................................................... 15
nucleus= kern ............................................................................................................................................... 16
5.HET RUGGENMERG = medulla spinalis......................................................................................................... 16
5.1.anatomie: dwarse doorsnede dpoor de medulla spinalis ............................................................................... 16
grijze stof ...................................................................................................................................................... 16
witte stof....................................................................................................................................................... 16
5.2.nervus spinalis ............................................................................................................................................ 17
perifeer zenuwstelsel .................................................................................................................................... 17
vegatief zenuwstelsel .................................................................................................................................... 17
parasympaticus en perifere zenuwen ............................................................................................................. 18
5.3 fysiologie van de medulla spinalis ................................................................................................................. 19
de hersenstam .............................................................................................................................................. 20
functie hersenstam ........................................................................................................................................... 20
6.2.medulla oblongata ...................................................................................................................................... 21
anatomie hersenstam.................................................................................................................................... 21
6.3.pons ........................................................................................................................................................... 22
6.4.mesencephalon .......................................................................................................................................... 23
, 6.5Formatio reticularis: ..................................................................................................................................... 23
6.6.nervi craniales ............................................................................................................................................ 24
7.cerebellum ................................................................................................................................................. 25
7.1.anatomie cerebellum ............................................................................................................................... 25
7.2.HISTOLOGIE CEREBELLUM: ..................................................................................................................... 25
7.3.functie cerebellum: coördinatie motoriek ................................................................................................. 25
8.diencephalon= tussen hersenen .................................................................................................................. 26
8.1. III ventrikel ................................................................................................................................................. 26
8.2 thalamus .................................................................................................................................................... 26
8.3hypothalamus .............................................................................................................................................. 27
8.4 hypofyse ..................................................................................................................................................... 27
8.5 epifyse: ....................................................................................................................................................... 27
9.cerebrum = grote hersenen ......................................................................................................................... 27
9.1 anatomie cerebrum ..................................................................................................................................... 27
9.3.functie van de hersenen .............................................................................................................................. 30
motoriek ....................................................................................................................................................... 30
sensoriek ...................................................................................................................................................... 31
geheugen ...................................................................................................................................................... 32
persoonlijkheid ............................................................................................................................................. 32
dromen ......................................................................................................................................................... 34
10.vegetatief zenuwstelsel............................................................................................................................. 34
orthosyspaticus vs parasympaticus ............................................................................................................... 35
meningen ......................................................................................................................................................... 35
pia mater ...................................................................................................................................................... 36
dura mater .................................................................................................................................................... 36
epidurale ruimte ............................................................................................................................................ 36
structuur nervus ............................................................................................................................................ 36
durazak ........................................................................................................................................................ 37
arachnoidea.................................................................................................................................................. 37
Sub- archnoidale ruimte met liquor cerebrospinalis Granulaties = vlokken in durasinus = opname liqur ............ 37
hersenventrikels en liquor cerebrospinalis ......................................................................................................... 37
hersenventrikels............................................................................................................................................ 37
liquor cerebrospinalis .................................................................................................................................... 38
bloedvaten van de hersenen .............................................................................................................................. 38
de verschillende banen .................................................................................................................................. 39
dorsaal systeem= fasciculus gracilis en fasiculus cuneatus ................................................................................ 39
tractus spinothalamicus lateralis ....................................................................................................................... 40
pyramidale banen ............................................................................................................................................. 41
, extrapyramidale banen ..................................................................................................................................... 41
oefeningen ....................................................................................................................................................... 41
pijnfysiologie ................................................................................................................................................. 42
pijn .................................................................................................................................................................. 42
pijn bij de bevalling ............................................................................................................................................ 42
Functie pijn ...................................................................................................................................................... 43
oorzaken pijn .................................................................................................................................................... 43
waarneming pijn ............................................................................................................................................... 43
van receptor naar vezel ..................................................................................................................................... 43
twee klassen van nociceptor ............................................................................................................................. 44
A-delta vezels................................................................................................................................................ 44
C-vezels........................................................................................................................................................ 44
stimuli die nocireceptoren activeren .................................................................................................................. 44
bij een weefselbeschadiging .............................................................................................................................. 44
na korte tijd ...................................................................................................................................................... 45
substancia P ..................................................................................................................................................... 45
verder verloop somatosensorisch zenuwstelsel .................................................................................................. 45
autonoom zenuwstelsel .................................................................................................................................... 46
neuromodulatie bij pijn .................................................................................................................................. 46
eiwitten ......................................................................................................................................................... 47
albumine .......................................................................................................................................................... 47
globulinen ........................................................................................................................................................ 47
fibrogeen .......................................................................................................................................................... 47
hormonen ........................................................................................................................................................ 47
rol in plasma ..................................................................................................................................................... 48
CRP= c reactief proteine .................................................................................................................................... 48
anorganische stoffen ..................................................................................................................................... 48
natrium ............................................................................................................................................................ 48
hoeveelheid natrum in bloedbaan(Natriëmie) is afhankelijk van: ...................................................................... 48
kalium .............................................................................................................................................................. 49
metabole acidose.......................................................................................................................................... 49
metabole alkalose ......................................................................................................................................... 49
hypokaliëmie ................................................................................................................................................ 49
hyperkaliëmie ............................................................................................................................................... 49
kalium eliminatie is afhankelijk van: ............................................................................................................... 49
calcium ............................................................................................................................................................ 50
, fosfor ............................................................................................................................................................... 50
co2 .................................................................................................................................................................. 50
gas in oplossing ............................................................................................................................................. 50
vorming van bicarbonaat ............................................................................................................................... 51
CO2 in de erytrocyt ( rode bloedcel)................................................................................................................ 51
Co2 reageert met HB ......................................................................................................................................... 51
H2co3/HCO3- .................................................................................................................................................. 51
bloedanalyse anorganische bestanddelen...................................................................................................... 52
natrium ............................................................................................................................................................ 52
kalium .............................................................................................................................................................. 52
bloedcellen ................................................................................................................................................... 52
erythrocyt (rbc) ................................................................................................................................................. 52
aantal erythrocyten ....................................................................................................................................... 52
gehalte aan hemoglobine (hb) ........................................................................................................................ 53
functie rbc .................................................................................................................................................... 53
vervoer van Co2 door RBC.............................................................................................................................. 54
Erythropoëse ................................................................................................................................................ 54
hemolyse ...................................................................................................................................................... 54
bloedanalyse................................................................................................................................................. 55
mcv.................................................................................................................................................................. 55
thrombocyten ................................................................................................................................................... 55
Aanmaak thrombocyten in rood beenmerg ..................................................................................................... 55
afbraak thrombocyten ................................................................................................................................... 56
functie thrombocyten .................................................................................................................................... 56
leucocyten ....................................................................................................................................................... 56
soorten leucocyten........................................................................................................................................ 56
aanmaak van granulocyten (=leucopoïese) ..................................................................................................... 57
monocyten: rood beenmerg ........................................................................................................................... 57
lymfocyten .................................................................................................................................................... 57
functie van leucotyten ................................................................................................................................... 58
monocyten ....................................................................................................................................................... 58
neutrofielen ...................................................................................................................................................... 60
opsonisatie ................................................................................................................................................... 60
lymfocyten ....................................................................................................................................................... 61
b lymfocyten ................................................................................................................................................. 61
t lymfocyten .................................................................................................................................................. 61
verdedigingssysteem van de mens ................................................................................................................. 61
specifieke vs aspecifieke immuniteit .................................................................................................................. 62
aspecifieke humorale immunieit ........................................................................................................................ 62
lysozym ........................................................................................................................................................ 62
