Engels
1.2
Question tags:
Grammatical constructions attached at the end of a statement to turn it
into a question
Comma before question tag
More common in speaking than writing
Use:
When you expect the listener to agree
When we want to check of our conversation partner agrees
Formation:
Positive (do not contain any negative elements) -> followed by a negative
tag
Negative (do not contain any positive elements)-> followed by a positive
tag
Negative elements:
Negative adverbs: not, never, rarely, …
Negative pronouns: no one, nobody, …
Referring to the subject:
Use a personal pronoun: (subject: I, you, he, … / object: me, you, him, …)
Ex:
Use an indefinite pronoun:
Something, anything, … -> it
Someone, anyone, … -> they
Somebody anybody, … -> they
Demonstrative pronoun:
This, that -> it
These, those -> they
, There:
There -> there
Referring to the finite verb:
Almost always use an auxiliary verb
1. auxiliary verb in statement -> use for tag
2. no auxiliary verb in statement -> use auxiliary ‘do’
exception: no auxiliary verb but main verb is ‘be’ -> use ‘be’ in
question tag
2 exceptions to general rule:
Let’s -> shall we
Imperatives -> would/will
1.3
Types of questions:
Closed questions: answer with yes or no
Open questions: can’t be answered with a simple yes or no
Leading questions: pushes respondent towards a specific answer
1.5
Introduction: provides context
Body: key findings, relevant fractions and percentages
Conclusion: states key takeaways
Text flow:
Coherence: logical and orderly arrangement of ideas, details and
arguments
Cohesion: quality of written text that makes it clear, organised, and
logically connected
Checklist for clear, well-structured text that sounds smoothly
1.2
Question tags:
Grammatical constructions attached at the end of a statement to turn it
into a question
Comma before question tag
More common in speaking than writing
Use:
When you expect the listener to agree
When we want to check of our conversation partner agrees
Formation:
Positive (do not contain any negative elements) -> followed by a negative
tag
Negative (do not contain any positive elements)-> followed by a positive
tag
Negative elements:
Negative adverbs: not, never, rarely, …
Negative pronouns: no one, nobody, …
Referring to the subject:
Use a personal pronoun: (subject: I, you, he, … / object: me, you, him, …)
Ex:
Use an indefinite pronoun:
Something, anything, … -> it
Someone, anyone, … -> they
Somebody anybody, … -> they
Demonstrative pronoun:
This, that -> it
These, those -> they
, There:
There -> there
Referring to the finite verb:
Almost always use an auxiliary verb
1. auxiliary verb in statement -> use for tag
2. no auxiliary verb in statement -> use auxiliary ‘do’
exception: no auxiliary verb but main verb is ‘be’ -> use ‘be’ in
question tag
2 exceptions to general rule:
Let’s -> shall we
Imperatives -> would/will
1.3
Types of questions:
Closed questions: answer with yes or no
Open questions: can’t be answered with a simple yes or no
Leading questions: pushes respondent towards a specific answer
1.5
Introduction: provides context
Body: key findings, relevant fractions and percentages
Conclusion: states key takeaways
Text flow:
Coherence: logical and orderly arrangement of ideas, details and
arguments
Cohesion: quality of written text that makes it clear, organised, and
logically connected
Checklist for clear, well-structured text that sounds smoothly
