LAW OF THE INTERNAL MARKET
HC’S EN OG’S
,Inhoudsopgave
HC 1: EU Internal Market and the Free Movement of Goods - Financial Restrictions....................................................3
Introduction to the Internal Market...................................................................................................................................4
Free movement of Goods...................................................................................................................................................4
Definition of ‘goods’.......................................................................................................................................................4
Barriers to Free Movement of Goods.............................................................................................................................4
Financial restrictions.......................................................................................................................................................5
OG 1: Free movement of goods: Financial restrictions................................................................................................. 6
HC 2: Quantative restrictions...................................................................................................................................... 9
OG 2: Free movement of goods: Quantative restrictions........................................................................................... 13
HC 3: Free movement of persons: entry and residence.............................................................................................. 14
What is EU citizenship?....................................................................................................................................................14
Directive 2004/38: the rights of free movement and residence of EU citizens................................................................14
EU citizenship beyond movement....................................................................................................................................16
OG 3: Free movement of persons: Entry and residence............................................................................................. 18
HC 4: Free movement of persons: equal treatment................................................................................................... 21
General framework..........................................................................................................................................................21
Equal treatment- economically active citizens.................................................................................................................21
Equal treatment: economically inactive citizens..............................................................................................................23
OG 4: Free movement of persons: Equal treatment................................................................................................... 25
problem 1: Luka - student.................................................................................................................................................27
problem 2: Lucius – Self-employed...................................................................................................................................29
problem 3: Leonie – unemployed, jobseeker....................................................................................................................30
problem 4: Irina – jobseeker, police officers.....................................................................................................................32
HC 5: Freedom of establishment, free movement of services and free movement of capital......................................32
Freedom of establishment and free movement of services: treaty framework...............................................................32
Free movement of services..........................................................................................................................................34
Secondary legislation – the Services Directive (2006/123)..............................................................................................35
Regulated professions and recognition of qualifications – art. 53 TFEU + Directive 2005/36.........................................35
The free movement of lawyers.........................................................................................................................................36
Free movement of capital – art. 63, 65 TFEU...................................................................................................................36
OG 5: Free movement of establishment and services/Free movement of capital.......................................................37
Establishment...................................................................................................................................................................37
, Service...............................................................................................................................................................................39
HC 6: Competition – Cartels and dominant position abuses.......................................................................................40
Competiton law – general................................................................................................................................................40
Article 101 TFEU – Cartels................................................................................................................................................41
Article 102 TFEU – Abuse of Dominance..........................................................................................................................43
Regulation 1/2003 – Competition Enforcement...............................................................................................................44
OG 6: Competition law: Agreements, Monopolies & Enforcement.............................................................................45
Art. 101 TFEU: Restriction of competition........................................................................................................................45
Art. 102 TFEU: Abuse of dominance.................................................................................................................................47
Regulation 1/2003 – Competition enforcement...............................................................................................................48
HC 1: EU INTERNAL MARKET AND THE FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS - FINANCIAL
RESTRICTIONS
, INTRODUCTION TO THE INTERNAL MARKET
Art. 26(2) TFEU, art. 2, 3(3) TEU: legal definition of internal market
- Links to competition law, state aid (keep the market going as to what it is) & economic and monetary
policy
Primary economic rational of the EU: economic, market regulation, but also a shift (e.g. a lot of the law breaks
down in monopolies to establish a competitive market + social regulation)
Economic integration is not the only objective (art. 3(3) TEU)
Reason why we have the internal market: the validation of art. 2 TEU: peace, human dignity, rule of law,
democracy... economic bases are connected to these values
Other markets were added to the EU
Less war between integrated states, lower consument prices, highly competitive market with the outside world
How does it function?
Schul case: it functions like a domestic market all of the members can move freely throughout the internal
market
- Negative integration: try to remove the barrier that exists for e.g. free movement
- Positive integration: try to establish equal criteria throughout the MS (harmonization)
Free market remove the barriers: distinctly applicable & indisctinctly applicable
- Distinctly applicable rules: discrimination on the basis of nationality: a person not from the host state is
not welcome direct discrimination
- Indistinctly applicable rules: different effect of legislation, disadvantage for explicit MS (e.g. packiging
requirements) indirect discrimination
o Non-discrimination: equal burden in law and fact
Prohibition/Justifications of Direct Discrimination:
- Goods: Articles 34/35 TFEU (pro.) & Article 36 TFEU (just.)
- Workers: Article 45 TFEU (pro. and just.)
- Establishment: Article 49 TFEU (pro.) & Articles 51/52 TFEU (just.)
- Services: Article 56 TFEU (pro.) and Article 61 TFEU (just.)
- Capital: Article 63 TFEU (pro.) and Article 65 TFEU (just.)
There is a restriction & there is a justification direct discrimination is always prohibited and not justified &
indirect discrimination are prohibited but often justified
Prohibitions of indirect & non-discrimination and justifications: established by case law
- Goods (Cassis de Dijon, 1979)
- Services (Säger, 1991)
- Workers (Kraus, 1993; Bosman 1995)
- Establishment (Gebhard, 1995)
- Capital (Svensson, 1995)
-
FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS
DEFINITION OF ‘GOODS’
Commission v Italy (Art Treasures): products which can be valued in money and which are cabaple of forming the
subject of commercial transactions (e.g. energy is a good)
- Exceptions: lottery tickets (Schindler), fishing license (Jägersköld v Gustafsson) are not goods
BARRIERS TO FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS
HC’S EN OG’S
,Inhoudsopgave
HC 1: EU Internal Market and the Free Movement of Goods - Financial Restrictions....................................................3
Introduction to the Internal Market...................................................................................................................................4
Free movement of Goods...................................................................................................................................................4
Definition of ‘goods’.......................................................................................................................................................4
Barriers to Free Movement of Goods.............................................................................................................................4
Financial restrictions.......................................................................................................................................................5
OG 1: Free movement of goods: Financial restrictions................................................................................................. 6
HC 2: Quantative restrictions...................................................................................................................................... 9
OG 2: Free movement of goods: Quantative restrictions........................................................................................... 13
HC 3: Free movement of persons: entry and residence.............................................................................................. 14
What is EU citizenship?....................................................................................................................................................14
Directive 2004/38: the rights of free movement and residence of EU citizens................................................................14
EU citizenship beyond movement....................................................................................................................................16
OG 3: Free movement of persons: Entry and residence............................................................................................. 18
HC 4: Free movement of persons: equal treatment................................................................................................... 21
General framework..........................................................................................................................................................21
Equal treatment- economically active citizens.................................................................................................................21
Equal treatment: economically inactive citizens..............................................................................................................23
OG 4: Free movement of persons: Equal treatment................................................................................................... 25
problem 1: Luka - student.................................................................................................................................................27
problem 2: Lucius – Self-employed...................................................................................................................................29
problem 3: Leonie – unemployed, jobseeker....................................................................................................................30
problem 4: Irina – jobseeker, police officers.....................................................................................................................32
HC 5: Freedom of establishment, free movement of services and free movement of capital......................................32
Freedom of establishment and free movement of services: treaty framework...............................................................32
Free movement of services..........................................................................................................................................34
Secondary legislation – the Services Directive (2006/123)..............................................................................................35
Regulated professions and recognition of qualifications – art. 53 TFEU + Directive 2005/36.........................................35
The free movement of lawyers.........................................................................................................................................36
Free movement of capital – art. 63, 65 TFEU...................................................................................................................36
OG 5: Free movement of establishment and services/Free movement of capital.......................................................37
Establishment...................................................................................................................................................................37
, Service...............................................................................................................................................................................39
HC 6: Competition – Cartels and dominant position abuses.......................................................................................40
Competiton law – general................................................................................................................................................40
Article 101 TFEU – Cartels................................................................................................................................................41
Article 102 TFEU – Abuse of Dominance..........................................................................................................................43
Regulation 1/2003 – Competition Enforcement...............................................................................................................44
OG 6: Competition law: Agreements, Monopolies & Enforcement.............................................................................45
Art. 101 TFEU: Restriction of competition........................................................................................................................45
Art. 102 TFEU: Abuse of dominance.................................................................................................................................47
Regulation 1/2003 – Competition enforcement...............................................................................................................48
HC 1: EU INTERNAL MARKET AND THE FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS - FINANCIAL
RESTRICTIONS
, INTRODUCTION TO THE INTERNAL MARKET
Art. 26(2) TFEU, art. 2, 3(3) TEU: legal definition of internal market
- Links to competition law, state aid (keep the market going as to what it is) & economic and monetary
policy
Primary economic rational of the EU: economic, market regulation, but also a shift (e.g. a lot of the law breaks
down in monopolies to establish a competitive market + social regulation)
Economic integration is not the only objective (art. 3(3) TEU)
Reason why we have the internal market: the validation of art. 2 TEU: peace, human dignity, rule of law,
democracy... economic bases are connected to these values
Other markets were added to the EU
Less war between integrated states, lower consument prices, highly competitive market with the outside world
How does it function?
Schul case: it functions like a domestic market all of the members can move freely throughout the internal
market
- Negative integration: try to remove the barrier that exists for e.g. free movement
- Positive integration: try to establish equal criteria throughout the MS (harmonization)
Free market remove the barriers: distinctly applicable & indisctinctly applicable
- Distinctly applicable rules: discrimination on the basis of nationality: a person not from the host state is
not welcome direct discrimination
- Indistinctly applicable rules: different effect of legislation, disadvantage for explicit MS (e.g. packiging
requirements) indirect discrimination
o Non-discrimination: equal burden in law and fact
Prohibition/Justifications of Direct Discrimination:
- Goods: Articles 34/35 TFEU (pro.) & Article 36 TFEU (just.)
- Workers: Article 45 TFEU (pro. and just.)
- Establishment: Article 49 TFEU (pro.) & Articles 51/52 TFEU (just.)
- Services: Article 56 TFEU (pro.) and Article 61 TFEU (just.)
- Capital: Article 63 TFEU (pro.) and Article 65 TFEU (just.)
There is a restriction & there is a justification direct discrimination is always prohibited and not justified &
indirect discrimination are prohibited but often justified
Prohibitions of indirect & non-discrimination and justifications: established by case law
- Goods (Cassis de Dijon, 1979)
- Services (Säger, 1991)
- Workers (Kraus, 1993; Bosman 1995)
- Establishment (Gebhard, 1995)
- Capital (Svensson, 1995)
-
FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS
DEFINITION OF ‘GOODS’
Commission v Italy (Art Treasures): products which can be valued in money and which are cabaple of forming the
subject of commercial transactions (e.g. energy is a good)
- Exceptions: lottery tickets (Schindler), fishing license (Jägersköld v Gustafsson) are not goods
BARRIERS TO FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS
