CBSE CLass 10 Science
Revision Notes
CHAPTER – 3
METALS AND NON-METALS
About 118 elements are known today. There are more than 90 metals,22 non
metals and a few metalloids.
Sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium(Mg), aluminium(Al),calcium(Ca),
Iron(Fe), Barium(Ba) are some metals.
Oxygen(O), hydrogen(H), nitrogen(N), sulphur(S), hosphorus(P),fluorine(F),
chlorine(Cl), bromine(Br), iodine(l) are some non-metals.
Metals Non-metals
Generally solid except Hg(present in Can be solid, liquid organs e.g., C is
1. 1.
liquid form). solid, Br (liq), H (gas)
Ductile, Malleable (drawn into wires)
2. 2. Non-ductile, non-Malleable
(beaten into sheets)
3. Sonorous (produces sound) 3. Non-sonorous
4. Lustrous (have natural shine) 4. Non-lustrous except Iodine.
5. High Melting Point except Ce and Ga 5. Lower M.P. than metals.
Generally good conductors of heat and Bad conductors of heat and electricity
6. 6.
electricity except Pb and Hg. except Graphite (form of C)
Low densities except Diamond (form
7. High density except Na and K 7.
of C)
8. Reactive 8. Not very reactive.
Covalent/Hydrogen bonding is
9. Ionic bonding is present, 9.
present
Metals form basic oxides e.g., Magnesium oxide(MgO), while non-metals form acidic
oxides e.g., .
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, Ag and Cu are best conductors of electricity.
Metals and Non-metals can be distinguished on the basis of their physical and
chemical properties.
Some elements show the properties of both metals and non-metals and are called
metalloids.
Chemical Properties of Metals Reaction with air : Different metals show different
reactivities towards oxygen present in air. Metal Oxide
Some metals like Na and K are kept immersed in kerosene oil as they react
vigorously with air and catch fire.
Some metals like Mg, Al, Zn, Pb react slowly with air and form a protective layer.
Mg can also burning air with a white dazzling light to form its oxide
Fe and Cu don’t burn in air but combine with oxygen to form oxide.Iron filings burn
when sprinkled over flame.
Metals like silver, platinum and gold don't burn or react with air.
e.g..
Usually metal oxides are basic in nature,but some metal oxides show both acidic and basic
nature. Amphoteric Oxides :metal oxides which react with both acids as well as bases to form
salt and water e.g.
eg..
REACTION WITH WATER : Metal oxides on reaction with water form alkalis.
Material downloaded from www.vidyakul.com 2/9
Revision Notes
CHAPTER – 3
METALS AND NON-METALS
About 118 elements are known today. There are more than 90 metals,22 non
metals and a few metalloids.
Sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium(Mg), aluminium(Al),calcium(Ca),
Iron(Fe), Barium(Ba) are some metals.
Oxygen(O), hydrogen(H), nitrogen(N), sulphur(S), hosphorus(P),fluorine(F),
chlorine(Cl), bromine(Br), iodine(l) are some non-metals.
Metals Non-metals
Generally solid except Hg(present in Can be solid, liquid organs e.g., C is
1. 1.
liquid form). solid, Br (liq), H (gas)
Ductile, Malleable (drawn into wires)
2. 2. Non-ductile, non-Malleable
(beaten into sheets)
3. Sonorous (produces sound) 3. Non-sonorous
4. Lustrous (have natural shine) 4. Non-lustrous except Iodine.
5. High Melting Point except Ce and Ga 5. Lower M.P. than metals.
Generally good conductors of heat and Bad conductors of heat and electricity
6. 6.
electricity except Pb and Hg. except Graphite (form of C)
Low densities except Diamond (form
7. High density except Na and K 7.
of C)
8. Reactive 8. Not very reactive.
Covalent/Hydrogen bonding is
9. Ionic bonding is present, 9.
present
Metals form basic oxides e.g., Magnesium oxide(MgO), while non-metals form acidic
oxides e.g., .
Material downloaded from www.vidyakul.com. 1/9
, Ag and Cu are best conductors of electricity.
Metals and Non-metals can be distinguished on the basis of their physical and
chemical properties.
Some elements show the properties of both metals and non-metals and are called
metalloids.
Chemical Properties of Metals Reaction with air : Different metals show different
reactivities towards oxygen present in air. Metal Oxide
Some metals like Na and K are kept immersed in kerosene oil as they react
vigorously with air and catch fire.
Some metals like Mg, Al, Zn, Pb react slowly with air and form a protective layer.
Mg can also burning air with a white dazzling light to form its oxide
Fe and Cu don’t burn in air but combine with oxygen to form oxide.Iron filings burn
when sprinkled over flame.
Metals like silver, platinum and gold don't burn or react with air.
e.g..
Usually metal oxides are basic in nature,but some metal oxides show both acidic and basic
nature. Amphoteric Oxides :metal oxides which react with both acids as well as bases to form
salt and water e.g.
eg..
REACTION WITH WATER : Metal oxides on reaction with water form alkalis.
Material downloaded from www.vidyakul.com 2/9
