EPHE 143 - FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Sports Historian - Answers -- Study physical activity and sport in the past
- Re-interpretation of documents, artifacts, oral histories and traditions
- Contribute to identities
Motor Behaviour - Answers -- Learning or acquisition of skills across the lifespan
- Learning a relatively permanent change in
behaviour or performance (motor control, motor learning, motor development)
Motor Control - Answers -- The study of the neurophysiology and
behavioural processes affecting control of
skilled movements
- Example: How muscles and joints are
coordinated during movement, how the sequence of movements is controlled
Motor Learning - Answers -- The study of the acquisition of motor skills as a result of
practice and experience
Example: Influence of feedback and
practice on the retention and
transfer of a skill
Motor Behaviour: Stages of Performance - Answers -- Cognitive
- Associative
- Automatic
example: driving a car
Stages of Performance: Cognitive - Answers -- Uses information to develop a motor
plan
- Thought processes heavily involved
- Concentration high
- Unable to manage small details/environment
example (car): mechanics of changing gear and
steering
Stages of Performance: Associative - Answers -- Temporal patterning & refining
- Complex skills - long time
- Profit from feedback
- Gradually cope with environment
example (car): drive car and respond to critical
environmental cues (e.g. lights and
, other motorists)
Stages of Performance: Automatic - Answers -- No cognitive attention to movement
itself
- Consistent performance
- Can adapt to requirements of the environment
example (car): drive car, respond to environment,
predict environmental changes, and perform other tasks (e.g. scan environment, talk,
eat/drink)
Motor Behaviour: Learning a Physical Skill - Answers -- Motor programs (memory):
invariant features, narrow Parameters
- Schema theory (rules that govern action): variable features, broad application
Motor Behaviour: Types of skills - Answers -- Fine motor skills (smaller muscles):
manipulation of objects, eye-hand coordination
- Gross motor skills (large muscles): running, jumping, throwing, hitting, control over
speed/power (ballistic)
Motor Behaviour: Types of Practice - Answers -- Massed vs. Distributed
- Whole or Part: chaining, complexity and organization
Types of Practice: Massed - Answers -- 1x60 minutes
- Long practice gets boring
- Time often wasted and difficult to individualize
- Too much practice leads to fatigue and possible injury caused by overuse
- High level of intensity can't be maintained for
long periods of time
Types of Practice: Distributed - Answers --12x5 minutes
- Athlete stays more alert
- Intensity is more likely
- Repetitions are maintained at a near-perfect level
- Energy level stays constant so fatigue less of a factor
- Motivation easy to maintain
- Attention rate improved
- Skills can be practiced on athlete's personal schedule (good if busy) so commitment is
fostered
Types of Practice: Chaining - Answers -- Michael Jordan crossover example
- Break apart the move into several small steps and one by one (in order) practice and
"chain together" to preform move as one
Biomechanical Foundations: Purposes of Kinesiology - Answers -- Scientific study of
human movement
Sports Historian - Answers -- Study physical activity and sport in the past
- Re-interpretation of documents, artifacts, oral histories and traditions
- Contribute to identities
Motor Behaviour - Answers -- Learning or acquisition of skills across the lifespan
- Learning a relatively permanent change in
behaviour or performance (motor control, motor learning, motor development)
Motor Control - Answers -- The study of the neurophysiology and
behavioural processes affecting control of
skilled movements
- Example: How muscles and joints are
coordinated during movement, how the sequence of movements is controlled
Motor Learning - Answers -- The study of the acquisition of motor skills as a result of
practice and experience
Example: Influence of feedback and
practice on the retention and
transfer of a skill
Motor Behaviour: Stages of Performance - Answers -- Cognitive
- Associative
- Automatic
example: driving a car
Stages of Performance: Cognitive - Answers -- Uses information to develop a motor
plan
- Thought processes heavily involved
- Concentration high
- Unable to manage small details/environment
example (car): mechanics of changing gear and
steering
Stages of Performance: Associative - Answers -- Temporal patterning & refining
- Complex skills - long time
- Profit from feedback
- Gradually cope with environment
example (car): drive car and respond to critical
environmental cues (e.g. lights and
, other motorists)
Stages of Performance: Automatic - Answers -- No cognitive attention to movement
itself
- Consistent performance
- Can adapt to requirements of the environment
example (car): drive car, respond to environment,
predict environmental changes, and perform other tasks (e.g. scan environment, talk,
eat/drink)
Motor Behaviour: Learning a Physical Skill - Answers -- Motor programs (memory):
invariant features, narrow Parameters
- Schema theory (rules that govern action): variable features, broad application
Motor Behaviour: Types of skills - Answers -- Fine motor skills (smaller muscles):
manipulation of objects, eye-hand coordination
- Gross motor skills (large muscles): running, jumping, throwing, hitting, control over
speed/power (ballistic)
Motor Behaviour: Types of Practice - Answers -- Massed vs. Distributed
- Whole or Part: chaining, complexity and organization
Types of Practice: Massed - Answers -- 1x60 minutes
- Long practice gets boring
- Time often wasted and difficult to individualize
- Too much practice leads to fatigue and possible injury caused by overuse
- High level of intensity can't be maintained for
long periods of time
Types of Practice: Distributed - Answers --12x5 minutes
- Athlete stays more alert
- Intensity is more likely
- Repetitions are maintained at a near-perfect level
- Energy level stays constant so fatigue less of a factor
- Motivation easy to maintain
- Attention rate improved
- Skills can be practiced on athlete's personal schedule (good if busy) so commitment is
fostered
Types of Practice: Chaining - Answers -- Michael Jordan crossover example
- Break apart the move into several small steps and one by one (in order) practice and
"chain together" to preform move as one
Biomechanical Foundations: Purposes of Kinesiology - Answers -- Scientific study of
human movement
