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Health "State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity", WHO 1948 Pathophysiology Physiology of altered health, deals with cellular and organ changes that occur with disease and with effects these changes have on total body functions. Etiology The cause of disease. Etiologic factors: biological agents, chemical agents, physical forces, nutritional excesses or deficits and others

what is your first step when entering a room while working in ICU/CCU? stop & observe CCU/ICU Purpose/goals - patients are highs risk & medically unstable - dec. complications & overall morbidity - restore patient to maximal functional capacity

What does critically ill mean? A critical care environment is an acute, fast-paced, high-tech, and multidisciplinary team environment where the purpose is to preserve the function of life whether it be a special condition or a general condition. Who is the direct care provider of critically ill patients? RN who contains special knowledge and skills related to critical care How do families typically respond in the ICU? Families are typically stressed, anxious, and learning to cope and adap...

Acute change or fluctuating course of mental status ask the question: "is there an acute change from mental status baseline OR has the patient's mental status fluctuated during the past 24 hours?" **if no, then NO DELIRIUM!** Test for inattention with CAM-ICU (negative result) tell patient to squeeze hand every time you say a specific letter; if only 0-2 errors then NO DELIRIUM present

What is the most common type of burn injury in infants and children ? Thermal (scald) What is a thermal burn ? Thermal burns results from exposure to heat, either dry or moist What type of damage does thermal burns produce ? - direct exposure to heat source causes cellular destruction and may result in charring of vascular, bony, muscle, and nervous tissue.

shows blood pressure, respiration rate, temperature, blood gas, and cardiac patterns vital signs monitor photoelectric device to measure oxygen saturation oximeter physical therapy should not be conducted if oxygen is below ____ 93

Anesthesia for general surgery is a combination of what drugs? (5) - amnestic - analgesic - neuromuscular blocker (paralytic) - sedative hypnotics - +/- antiemetics What types of patients need close monitoring intra-op? PTs with cardiac history (HTN, CAD, CHF) Pre-op anesthesia evaluation: (5) - neck ROM - thyroid cartilage - mouth opening - dentition (loose/missing teeth) - eval tonsils, uvula, soft palate

Three phases of ARDS Exudative Phase Proliferative Phase Fibrotic Phase Exudative Phase of ARDS Starts within 12-36 hours of insult to lung, lasts 1-7 days Characterized by: Alveolar damage and leukocytic inflammation Hypodermic, tachypnea and progressive dyspnea Increased physiologic deadspace leads to hypercarbia Bilateral diffuse alveolar and interstitial opacities on chest X-ray

Common Pulmonary Diagnoses ARDS Resp Failure VAP Obesity- alveolar hypoventilation syndrome COVID-19 Medical Diagnoses AKI Sepsis/SIRS Surgical ICU Diagnos

ICU intensive care unit NICU neonatal intensive care unit or neurologic intensive care unit PICU pediatric intensive care unit SICU surgical intensive care unit

A nurse is caring for a patient with liver failure and is performing an assessment in the knowledge of the patients increased risk of bleeding. The nurse recognizes that this risk is related to the patients inability to synthesize prothrombin in the liver. What factor most likely contributes to this loss of function? Inability of the liver to use vitamin K We have an expert-written solution to this problem! A nurse is performing an admission assessment of a patient with a diagnosis of cirrh...

Print test Options Term A critically ill patient needs an x-ray procedure that cannot be done at the bedside. What precautions should the nurse implement to protect the patient during transfer to the radiology department? Choose matching definition Arrange for the usual patient transport technicians to transfer the patient. Ensure that a critical care nurse and one other person accompany the patient. Assume that all necessary equipment will be ready in the radiology department. Keep the...

Term Why has TC emerged as a high priority area in health care reform? Choose matching definition Hospitals want to reduce the number of lawsuits Insurance companies are reluctant to advocate for safe, effective TC Effective management of TC has the potential to reduce the cost and improve the quality of health care Physician groups are advocating for the creation of a physician sub-specialty designed to manage TC Don't know? 1 of 20 Term What is the most common outcome associated wit...

Purpose and function of the mitochondria Machine for cellular energy. Transform food energy into ATP Major components of the cell (3 components) Plasma/Cell Membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm Plasma/Cell Membrane The cell membrane encloses the cell and provides for intracellular and intercellular communication, transport of materials into and out of the cell, and maintenance of the electrical activities that power cell function.

Definition Plasma/Cell Membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm Choose matching term Cell-derived mediators Phases of acute inflammation First line of defense Major components of the cell (3 components)

Atrophy When confronted with a decrease in work demands or adverse environmental conditions, most cells are able to revert to a smaller size and a lower and more efficient level of functioning that is compatible with survival. What happens when cells atrophy? Reduce their oxygen consumption and other cellular functions by decreasing the number and size of their organelles and other structures.

Prevalence a measure of existing disease in a population at a given point in time Incidence number of new cases arising in a population at risk during a specified time Morbidity effects an illness has on a person

Function of cell membrane separate intracellular environment from extracellular environment, semipermeable membrane, allow only the things necessary for the cell to function inside Function of mitochondria powerhouse of the cell, turn ADP-->ATP Function of Nucleus Synthesis of mRNA, rRNAa, and tRNA

A phlebotomy technician is washing her hands at the beginning of her shift. Which of the following actions should the technician take? Use enough soap to form a lather. Which of the following test results are affected when a phlebotomy technician uses povidone-iodine to cleanse a site for a dermal puncture? Potassium

The nurse examines a postpartum woman who is 1 day postdelivery. Which finding does the nurse consider abnormal? 1) Fundus 1 cm below the umbilicus 2) Bright red lochia 3) Dilated cervix 4) Reduced fibrinogen levels 4) Reduced fibrinogen levels