Jhaque

What are the prevention strategies in acute otitis media (AOM)? What are the risk factors of AOM? What are the etiologies of AOM? what are the risk factors for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ARBS)? What are the etiologies of ARBS? What is the treatment regimen for uncomplicated AOM for those ages 6 months to 12 years? amoxicillin 80-90 mg/kg/day divided in 2 doses (adult 875 mg twice daily) If patient is allergic to the amoxicillin, what is the next medication optio...

What is the hypothesized role of adipose tissue in fatty liver disease? visceral fat releases signals that disrupt how the body handles glucose and fat leading to more fat being stored in the liver Excess fat in liver causes liver distress Why does liver damage occur from the hypothesized role of adipose tissue in liver disease? excess fat causes inflammation and the liver is unable to manage: fatty peroxidation dysregulation of unfolded protein lipotoxicity apoptotic pathways What ...

How to treat thyroid storm? Medications such as propylthiouracil or methimazole), beta-blockers, corticosteroids, iodine and supportive care Plasma exchange or thyroidectomy may be used when all else fails Clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism thin hair exopthalamos enlarged thyroid (warm on palpation, nodular, solitary) heart failure diarrhea warm skin, sweaty palms hyperreflexia periorbital edema laboratory findings for hypothyroidism TSH: high/increased (0.5-5.0 normal) ...

Tumor invasion vs metastasis Invasion: first step; local spread; possibly by direct extension -Metastasis: spread to distant tissues/organs, contributes to S/S of cancer Metastasis requisites Must be able to invade blood and lymph vessels (neoangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis) -Must survive circulation and attach/survive in new environment to produce new tumor -Ineffective process (think seeds and soil) Tumor markers -Substances produced by benign & malignant cells -can be measured...

Risk factors for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis Common bugs for URI Antibiotics for the treatment of otitis media Antibiotics for the treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis Risk factors for cellulitis Etiologies of Cellulitis What if MRSA is suspected in cellulitis? Clinical presentation of lower UTI Clinical presentation of upper UTI (pyelonephritis) Older adult presentation of UTI Uncomplicated UTI Complicated UTI Diagnostic criter...

Depression in pregnancy: depression Pregnant patients with severe unipolar major depression who were successfully treated with antidepressants prior to pregnancy should generally receive the same drug during pregnancy. For patients who have not been treated with antidepressants in the past, we suggest selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as initial treatment, rather than other antidepressants No psychotropic drugs with labeling approved by the FDA for use during pregnancy and lacta...

Complete dissolution of the chromatin of a dying cell due to enzymatic degradation by endonucleases. Karyolysis -these 3 changes (Pyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis lead to destruction of the nucleus- which will eventually cause the cell to die) Discuss the relationship of apoptosis to AIDS HIV indirectly triggers programmed cell death/apoptosis that contributes to the decline in CD4 T lymphocyte counts throughout the course of HIV infection. The HIV induced; premature destruction of l...

Explain damage to the interstitial level of intrarenal AKI allergic inflammatory infiltrate in kidney interstitium (most commonly by medications after 5 days of starting them - PCN, NSAIDs, Abx) -rash, fever Explain postrenal AKI obstruction in the GU tract that causes blockage of urine flow and kidney failure Explain the relationship between GFR and serum creatinine levels -Creatinine is constantly released from muscle and excreted by glomerular filtration -When GFR decreases, creati...

Metabolic causes of delirium renal failure hepatic failure anemia hypoxia hypoglycemia thiamine deficiency electrolyte abnormalities infectious causes of delirium meningitis, encephalitis, sepsis, UTI, respiratory infection Cardiac causes of delirium myocardial infarction, CHF, affhythmia Neuro causes of delirium stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, head trauma, seizures, undiagnosed pain palm causes of delirium respiratory failures, COPD causing hypoxia Sensory impairment ...

Which obstructive lung disease is classified as reversible? a. Asthma b. Chronic bronchitis c. Emphysema d. COPD The 2017 HTN guidelines recommend the following treatment for a healthy 54 year old African American woman with a BMI of 23 and consistant BP readings of 116-120/76-78 a. none, this is a normal BP b. hypertension, stage 1 requiring tretment with an ACE inhibitor c. elevated BP requiring treatment with a thiazide. d. hypertensionn stage 1 requiring treatment with a calcium c...