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NCSBN – Lesson 8D: Gastrointestinal System Study Guide Confusion and irritability are signs of renal encephalopathy secondary to elevated levels of BUN and creatinine in the blood. The other options do not explain the client's behavior. Potassium levels are generally high in renal failure. Side effects of calcium depletion manifest as abdominal and muscle cramping and hyperactive reflexes. Metabolic acidosis, not alkalosis, is seen in renal failure. Eating before sleeping enhances regurgi...

NCSBN – Lesson 8D: Gastrointestinal System Study Guide Confusion and irritability are signs of renal encephalopathy secondary to elevated levels of BUN and creatinine in the blood. The other options do not explain the client's behavior. Potassium levels are generally high in renal failure. Side effects of calcium depletion manifest as abdominal and muscle cramping and hyperactive reflexes. Metabolic acidosis, not alkalosis, is seen in renal failure. Eating before sleeping enhances regurgi...