BIOL& 211

Genetic code -Differentiate among the three kinds of RNA in terms of structure and function -Define the kind of code present in the nucleotide sequence of DNA Building proteins -Describe the process, machinery (proteins and enzymes) and products of transcription and translation -Demonstrate how specific amino acids are added to the proper tRNAs -Describe the steps involved in protein synthesis Mutations -Analyze the effect of DNA mutations on the amino acid sequence of proteins

Cell Signaling -Discuss the differences between local signaling and long-distance cellular communication -Describe the three stages of cell signaling. Receptor Proteins -Know what receptor proteins are, where they are located, and what they do -Know the three cell surface receptor superfamilies, the basic structures of each and how each functions to convert an extracellular signal to an internal one. -Differentiate between intracellular receptors and cell surface receptors in terms of func...

Respiration basics - Discuss the significance of respiration process in the cell - List the major stages of respiration process Glycolysis - Describe the major molecules involved in process of glycolysis as well as location of glycolysis in the cell - Discuss the significance of pyruvate in the cell The citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) - List major molecules involved in Citric Acid Cycle as well as location of the cycle in the cell Oxidative Phosphorylation - Distinguis...

Cell basics -Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell as well as animal and plant cells and describe their basic structural components -Describe the structure of nucleus, its function and components -Explain the function of free and bound ribosomes Endomembrane system -Describe the endomembrane system of the cell, its structural components members and its function -Compare smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, their structure and function -Discuss structure and function of Golgi apparatu...

Cell Signaling -Discuss the differences between local signaling and long-distance cellular communication -Describe the three stages of cell signaling. Receptor Proteins -Know what receptor proteins are, where they are located, and what they do -Know the three cell surface receptor superfamilies, the basic structures of each and how each functions to convert an extracellular signal to an internal one. -Differentiate between intracellular receptors and cell surface receptors in terms of func...

Water -Describe the physical and chemical properties of a water -Explain how hydrogen bonds result in cohesive and adhesive properties of water -Explain how water resists temperature changes -Describe evaporative cooling -Explain why water is called universal solvent

Water -Describe the physical and chemical properties of a water -Explain how hydrogen bonds result in cohesive and adhesive properties of water -Explain how water resists temperature changes -Describe evaporative cooling -Explain why water is called universal solvent

Plasma membrane​ -Use the fluid mosaic model to describe the structure of the cell membrane​ -Describe some of the proteins associated with the cell membrane​ Diffusion​ -Define the term "Selectively permeable"​ -Differentiate passive from active transport​ -Differentiate simple from facilitated diffusion​ Transport​ -Describe the steps of active transport​ -Use ions to power secondary active transport

O-Chem basics -Describe C atom, its bonds and importance of hydrocarbons -Distinguish between seven major functional groups -Know the basic structure of ATP and ADP 4 major macromolecules -Explain basic structure and functions of simple and complex sugars -Discuss different types of lipids and their role in biology -Describe protein chemical structure -Differentiate and discuss many different functions of proteins -Briefly explain the basic structure of nucleic acids and the difference ...