University of Connecticut

aspartate (Asp) - Answer this amino acid is negatively polar charged glutamate (Glu) - Answer this amino acid is negatively polar charged (COO-) lysine (Lys) - Answer this amino acid is positively polar charged amino (NH3+) is important arginine (Arg) - Answer this amino acid is positively polar charged and is basic amino acid. the guanidinium is important here (NH2-C-NH2+) group Histidine (His)q - Answer this is a basic positively polar charged mole...

Starting with a 0.5 M solution of NaCl, how would you make 500mL of a 150 mM solution of NaCl? Clearly explain. - Answer You would add 150mL of the 0.5M NaCl solution and then add 350mL of water to make 500mL of a 150mM solution. Math: (500mL)(0.15M) = (0.5M) V V = 150 mL solution 500mL total - 150 mL solution = 350mL water Convert: 150 μL to mL 0.075 M to mM 0.950 mL into μL - Answer 1. 0.15 mL 2. 75 mM 3. 950uL The pH of a solution with [H+] concentration les...

covalent vs. noncovalent interactions- how are they different? - Answer Electronegativity - Answer Polarity - Answer Molecules having uneven distribution of charges polar: unequal sharing, involved an electronegative atom nonpolar: equal sharing what is polarity important? - Answer -explains why molecules are hydrophilic and hydrophobic -leads to noncovalent interactions hydrophobic effect - Answer -Inability of water to dissolve nonpolar molecules...

Where does electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation occur in the mitochondria? - Answer inner mitochondrial membrane What are the complexes if the ETC? - Answer Complex I - NADH-Q oxidoreductase Complex II - Succinate-Q reductase Complex III - Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase Complex IV - Cytochrome c oxidase What are the important redox centers and their roles? - Answer - FMN (similar to FAD, Flavoproteins) - 2-electron acceptor but only pass one electron at a ti...

how many oxidation reduction reactions are in the TCA cycle - Answer 4 where can we get acetyl CoA from - Answer fatty acids, ketones, glucose to pyruvate, and ethanol in the TCA cycle, what is oxidized to carbon dioxide - Answer acetyl CoA phase 1 of the TCA cycle - Answer oxidation of acetyl CoA to CO2 ordered binding in TCA cycle - Answer oxaloacetate MUST bind first because it performs conformational changes before acetyl CoA can bind to citrate synt...

B. The oxygen in water has a partial (+) charge The oxygen has a partial (-) charge - Answer Water is a solvent for so many molecules. What selection A through D DOES NOT apply to water's solvent properties? A. The hydrogen in water acts as a hydrogen donor to form a hydrogen bond B. The oxygen in water has a partial (+) charge C. It can weaken electrostatic interactions that occur between other molecules/ions D. The sharing of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogens in water ...

What is glycogen? - Answer Highly branched glucose polymer Stored in liver and muscle How are glucose molecules linked in Glycogen? - Answer alpha 1,4 glycosidic linkage within the same branch alpha 1,6 glycosidic linkage across branches (branching point) What are the ends of glycolysis branches called? How many are there? - Answer Nonreducing ends A ton, lots of possible targets for enzymes What are the four enzymes that degrade glycogen? - Answer Glyc...

What is gluconeogenesis? - Answer synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors What is pyruvate? - Answer - The end product of glycolysis -The first step in cellular respiration - Stands in the junction between anaerobic and aerobic pathways Is gluconeogenesis anabolic or catabolic? - Answer anabolic What replaces the three irreversible steps of glycolysis in gluconeogenesis? - Answer Pyruvate carboxylase, Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose ...

What determines the specificity? - Answer Receptor-hormone noncovalent interactions (similar to enzymes) How is amplification achieved? - Answer Activating more and more proteins in a cascade -Do not need a high [signal] -G proteins -Second messengers -Activation of kinases & phosphatases How is the integration of metabolic pathways achieved? - Answer -2 hormones can work together (glucagon, epinephrine) or oppose one another in a pathway (glucagon, insulin) -Liver: ...

Hydrolysis vs Synthesis of ATP (Which is favorable?) - Answer Hydrolysis: favorable 1st law of thermodynamics - Answer The total energy of a system is conserved Biological organisms are ____ systems - Answer Open -Exchange matter & energy with the environment Heat given by from a reaction - Answer No reaction is 100% efficient: heat being released (less energy being associated with the cell) is one factor that makes a reaction less efficient -Heat can be put t...