Ecology

This document provides a comprehensive explanation of biodiversity, encompassing the variety and variability of life forms found in different ecosystems across the planet. It explains how biodiversity includes diversity within species (genetic diversity), between species (species diversity), and among ecosystems (ecosystem diversity). The document discusses the importance of biodiversity in maintaining ecological balance, supporting ecosystem services, and sustaining life on Earth. It also hi...

This document presents a detailed explanation of the fundamental concepts of ecology, the branch of biology that studies the interactions between organisms and their physical, chemical, and biological environment. It explores how living beings depend on and influence one another and their surroundings to maintain the balance of nature. The document covers essential topics such as levels of ecological organization (individual, population, community, ecosystem, biome, and biosphere), biotic and...