CIE • Biology

I created a document with all the A2 Biology CIE exam essay questions and used the markscheme to create the answers in a simplified bulletpoint form. I created easy to understand diagrams and flowcharts as well as mneumonics to help understand complex topics. I received a high A* grade in my final exams.

I find study biology seems pretty hard. But as you learned to simplify everything it'll become more easier!

Unit 1 Cell Structure, AS, for papers 1-3

The document begins by discussing the basic building blocks of biological molecules, which include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water. It then goes on to provide detailed information about each of these types of molecules, including their chemical structures, properties, and functions in living organisms. The section on carbohydrates covers topics such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides, and their roles in energy storage and structural support. The section on lipid...

The document covers AS level biology chapter 4 Cell Membrane and Transport. The notes are brief and easy to learn containing all the necessary concepts which one can use to enhance his grasp on the topic.

The immune system, Phagocytes: Origin & Mode of Action, Neutrophils,Macrophages, Antigens, Primary Immune Response, B-lymphocytes, T- lymphocytes, Memory cells & Long term immunity, Primary immune response:, Secondary immune response:, Antibodies and Vaccination, Antibodies and Vaccination, Structure of antibodies, Function, The hybridoma method,Uses of monoclonal antibodies, Therapeutic uses of monoclonal antibodies:, Active immunity:, Passive immunity:, How vaccines work:, Live attenuated va...

INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Common Pathogens & Their Diseases, Cholera, malaria, Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, ANTIBIOTICS, Penicillin, How penicillin affects bacteria, Resistance to antibiotics: an outline, Vertical transmission, Horizontal transmission, Consequences of antibiotic resistance, Reducing antibiotic resistance & its impact. This contains extensive information that got me an A in paper 1 and paper 2.

THE HUMAN GAS EXCHANGE SYSTEM, Distribution of Tissues in the Gas exchange system, Gas exchange processes, Features of the alveoli:, Structure & functions. This contains extensive information that got me an A in paper 1 and paper 2.

Transport Mechanisms, Closed Double circulatory system, Open & closed systems, Main blood vessels, Arteries, Capillaries, Veins, Muscular artery, Elastic artery, Vein, Capillary, Cells of the blood, Monocytes:, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Role of water in blood and tissue fluid:Blood tissue fluid and lymph, Tissue fluid formation, Formation of lymph:, TRANSPORT OF OXYGEN & CARBON DIOXIDe, THE HEART. This contains extensive information that got me an A in paper 1 and paper 2.

Structure of Transport Tissues, Transport systems, Xylem,Phloem, Phloem structure and function, Phloem sieve tube elements structure & function table, Phloem companion cells structure & function table. This contains extensive information that got me an A in paper 1 and paper 2.