PHYSIOLOGY

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY TEST REVIEW CNS contains brain and spinal cord PNS contains cranial and spinal nerves afferent sensory neurons going toward the brain efferent motor neurons going to muscles from brain astrocytes maintain blood-brain barrier; provide structural support Ependymal Cells regulate and produce cerebrospinal fluid Oligodendrocytes produce myelin sheaths rising is action potential skeletal system is divided into axial and appendicular axial is composed of ...

PHYSIOLOGY FINAL TEST Dehydration synthesis stringing monomers together (water is removed) Hydrolysis Process of separating polymers into monomers (water is added) Starch digestion starts on the mouth (via salivary amylase) protein digestion starts in the stomach

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY UNIT 1 TEST REVIEW homeostasis The body maintains stable internal conditions through feedback control mechanisms. Lymphatic/immune removes fluid from tissues, protects the body; destroys bacteria and tumor cells. endocrine controls the body with chemicals called hormones. skeletal provides muscle attachment cor movement; protects/supports body organs; sight of blood cell formation muscular moves limbs, allows facial expressions respiratory delivers oxygen...

MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY TEST Skeletal Muscle Voluntary, striated muscle attached to bones multi nucleated Atrophy a decrease in muscle size due to disuse Hypertrophy excessive development of an organ or part Tendon end of muscles links muscle to bone Muscle contracts to produce movement Fascicle bundle of muscle fibers Muscle Fiber a single muscle cell Myofibril long structures inside muscle fibers made of sarcomeres Actin interacts with myosin for muscle contraction thin ...

PHYSIOLOGY TEST What happens to stroke volume during exercise as you increase you intensity from 20 to 40% of your VO2max? from 60 to 80%? As the intensity increases so does the SV because your body need more oxygen and nourishment - between 60-80 it will plateau What is the effect of body positioning on stroke volume and heart rate? Stroke volume during max exercise only slightly higher than supine stroke volume. What will the effect of a low blood pressure be on stroke volume? Why? ...

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY PRACTISE TEST A cavity containing the heart, but not the lungs is the ________ cavity. Pericardial The study of external features, such as bony projections that serve as landmarks to locate deeper structures is called ________. Surface anatomy The study of the body's organization by areas (the approach used in most medical schools) is called ________. Regional Anatomy Which of the following is not part of the group? a. cubital b. volar c. plantar d. ole...

MERP PHYSIOLOGY TEST C. Adding proteins to the intracellular space. Which of the following changes would result in an increased electrical gradient for Na+ entering the cell? A. Adding Cl - to the extracellular space. B. Adding K+ to the intracellular space. C. Adding proteins to the intracellular space. D. Adding Na+ to the intracellular space. E. Adding PO4 - to the extracellular space. A doctor analyzing the heart rate response after a painful stimulus. Correct! This doctor is...

PHYSIOLOGY TEST What can be used as a kind of "molecular clock" to help determine how long ago a species diverged from a common ancestor? Comparison of DNA samples List the categories of how all animal life is arranged from most inclusive to most specific? Phylum, class, family, genus The word "morphology" refers to the structure and form of a body or body part Drosophila have been important for the study of genetics because of their _______ and their giant _______. sh...

PRE-TEST PHYSIOLOGY CYCLE 4 Chronic administration of which of the following types of drugs would lead to a sustained increase in serum gastrin levels? a. H2 receptor antagonist b. Proton pump inhibitor c. Anticholinergic d. Antacid e. Beta blocker B. Proton pump inhibitor Which one of the following statements about small intestinal motility is correct? a. Contractile frequency is constant from duodenum to terminal ileum b. Peristalsis is the major contractile pattern during f...

TEST REVIEW: PHYSIOLOGY OF CELLS IN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Cell Membrane Boundary that encloses the cell and contains its contents; also called plasma membrane; regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell; selectively permeable. Components of Cell Membrane Composed mainly of lipids and proteins, and some carbohydrates; consists of a double layer (bilayer) of phospholipids, with fatty acids turned inward and the water-soluble heads facing the surfaces. Structure of Cell Mem...

MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY TEST what is the muscle tissue behavior? Excitable, extensibility (stretches), elasticity, & contractility What are types of muscle tissue? skeletal for skeletal movement, cardiac for heart beat, smooth for internal organ movement. Who are the thin moving myofilaments? actin Who are the thick nonmobile myofilaments? myosin What is all the fibers with its motor neuron called? Motor unit What is the A band? actin and myosin What are the steps of sliding filament ...

ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY TEST dermatitis skin inflammations that increase in frequency with age delayed-action gene cause of graying hair milia small white bumps on the skin of newborn babies, resulting from accumulations of sebaceous material cold intolerance reflects the loss of insulating subcutaneous tissue w/ age acne common consequence of accelerated sebaceous gland activity during adolescence vernix caseosa oily substance produced by the fetus's sebaceous glands lanugo hair...

TEST: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY A BODY CONSISTS OF : A GROUP OF ORGANS WHICH PERFORM A COMMON FUNCTION MOST ABSORPTION OF FOOD OCCURS IN THE : SMALL INTESTINE THE PRIMARY ORGAN RESPONSIBLE FOR ELIMINATING LIQUID WASTE IS THE: KIDNEY RH BLOOD FACTOR IS DETERMINED BY THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF A PARTICULAR ERTHROCYTE WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE LYMPH NODES? FILTER AND PURIFY INTERSTITIAL LIQUID RETURNING TO THE BLOOD THE PROCESS OF CHROMOSOME REDUCTION OCCURS DURING MEIOSIS THE L...

EXAM 3: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE TEST Which type of muscle tissue has the greatest effect on the body's heat production? -smooth -cardiac -skeletal -All of these muscle types have about the same effect on the body's heat production skeletal Sarcomere is best defined as... - a repeating unit of striated muscle - actomyosin proteins -a storage form of calcium -thick and thin filaments a repeating unit of striated muscle When a muscle contraction develops tension but d...

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 6 TEST: MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY Endomysium the thin connective tissue surrounding each muscle cell Epimysium connective tissue ensheathing the entire muscle Perimysium the connective tissue surrounding a fascicle Fascicle a bundle of nerve or muscle fibers bound together by connective tissue Fascia layers of fibrous tissue covering and separating muscles Tendon cord of dense fibrous tissue attaching a muscle to a bone Myofibril a long, filamentous organ...

INTRO TO ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY TEST Superior toward the top Inferior toward the bottom Medial toward the midline Lateral away from the midline Anterior toward the front Posterior toward the back Superficial on the surface Deep away from the surface Proximal toward the point of attachment Distal away from the point of attachment Sagittal Plane divides right and left Coronal Plane divides anterior and posterior Transverse Plane divides superior and inferior Ventral ...

PHYSIOLOGY FINAL REVIEW TEST Axial Skeletion The bones of the skull, vertebral column, thorax, and sternum appendicular skeleton bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities compact bone dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum sponge bone Layers of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone. Diaphysis (shaft) Elongated body of a long bone ( compact) Periosteum A dense fibrous membrane coverin...

POST TEST PHYSIOLOGY osteoblast function is to produce collagen for bone matrix fossa a depression in the bone manubrium the superior portion of the sternum oseoclast bone cell responsible for the destruction (breakdown) of bone matrix metacarpals bones that make up the palm of the hand myosin thick myofilament actin thin myofilament characteristics of skeletal muscle striated; multinucleated; under voluntary control acetylcholine the chemical neurotransmitter that sends a ne...

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY NERVE TEST A local anesthetic such as Novocaine decreases membrane permeability to Na+ ions. The use of this anesthetic will Block sensory input into the CNS The sensory (afferent) division of the peripheral nervous system Conveys action potentials to the CNS During depolarization of the plasma membrane, sodium ions move rapidly into the cell Neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic terminal The peripheral nervous system includes the cranial nerves...

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY TEST - DECEMBER Which part of the digestive system absorbs most of the water from undigested food? Large Intestine The large intestine is mainly responsible for: Absorption of water and electrolytes Which part of the small intestine is closest to the stomach? Duodenum The liver plays a key role in: Detoxifying harmful substances The muscular ring that controls the release of food from the stomach into the small intestine is called the: Pyloric sphincter The ...