NUR 2063

(ANS - is the study of what happens when the normal anatomy and physiology go wrong, causing disorder and disease process of the human body. What 4 things does pathophysiology include? (ANS - Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment Implications What is etiology (ANS - study of causes or reasons for phenomena. Includes Idiopathic conditions that have an unknown origin or cause. What is pathogenesis? (ANS - development or evolution of disease from initial stimulu...

MEDIATORS OF STRESS, E.G. NOREPINEPHRINE, EPINEPHRINE, CORTISOL – WHAT DO THEY DO? Norepinephrine (Catecholamines) – released during alarm stage; constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure; reduces gastric secretions and increases night and far vision Epinephrine (Catecholamines) – released during the alarm stage; enhances myocardial contractibility, increases heart rate, and increases cardiac output; causes bronchodilation; increases the release of glucose from the liver(gly...

Question Hyperemesis gravidarum causes excessive nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. What can the mother expect to have if hyperemesis gravidarum is left untreated? Answer Electrolyte imbalances and dehydration Question Hyperglycemia is concerning when complications arise. Which disorder is related to breaking down fats for energy in patients with type 1 diabetes? Answer Diabetic ketoacidosis Question Which of the following symptoms describe complications of compartment syndrom...

Patho Section 1 Cell & Tissue Function/Dysfunction Atrophy: decrease in size of cells. Hypertrophy: increase in cell size. Hyperplasia: increase in number of cells. Metaplasia: mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type. Dysplasia: cells vary in size & shape within a tissue. Anaplasia: undifferentiated cells with variable nuclear & cell structure. Neoplasm: tumor. Cell Damage Ischemia: oxygen deficit due to respiratory or circulatory problems. Hypoxia: reduced oxygen in...

to become chronic Triggers of Gastritis: Alcohol, caffeine, autoimmune disease, viral or bacteria Chronic Gastritis: H Pylori is always a factor H Pylori goes very deep in the lining of the stomach and It causes persistent inflammation S/S: N/V – Anorexia- postcranial discomfort Post Cranial Discomfort- after eating- goes away and come back 1-2 hrs Gastritis- hematemesis- blood in the vomit- coffee brown color Treatment: Treat H pylori treat GERD, change lifestyle, PPI ▪ Peptic Ulcer ...

What findings would you expect in someone with an anaphylactic reaction? - Answer Bronchodilation, airway constriction, Manifestations of a type 1 hypersensitivity – answer GI allergy Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain Skin manifestations Urticaria (hives) Mucosa allergens Conjunctivitis, rhinitis, asthma Lung allergens Bronchospasm, edema, thick secretions · Manifestations of fight/flight response - answerIncrease HR, increased respirations, diaphoresis, pupil d...

What is the difference between a sign and a symptom? – answer Sign - Objective (Erythema, Edema, lesion) Symptom - Subjective (Headache, sore, tired) Na - Sodium - answer136-144 mEq Hyponatremia - anorexia, gastrointestinal upset, poor skin turgor, dry mucous membranes, blood pressure changes, pulse changes, edema, headache, lethargy, confusion, diminished deep tendon reflexes, muscle weakness, seizures, and coma | Hypernatremia - increased temperature, warm and flushed skin, dr...

1. Which of the following assessment findings indicates an alteration in homeostatic control mechanisms? - Fever 2. Injury that occurs when blood flow is diminished to tissue is called injury. - ischemic 3. The cancer growth continuum is divided into which of the following stages? - Initiation, promotion, progression 4. The activities of the cell are directed by which cell structure? - Cytoplasm 5. Enzymes that use oxidation to convert food materials into energy a...

2. Causes of chronic kidney disease: - Outcome of progressive and irrevocable loss of functional nephrons. - Due to kidney not recovering • Can lead up to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) which requires dialysis 3. Risk Factors of chronic kidney disease: - Diabetes - Hypertension - Recurrent pyelonephritis - Polycystic kidney disease - History of exposure to toxins - Age over 65 - Ethnicity (African American male higher risk) 4. complications of chronic kidney disease: - hypertension a...

Patho Section 1 Cell & Tissue Function/Dysfunction Atrophy: decrease in size of cells. Hypertrophy: increase in cell size. Hyperplasia: increase in number of cells. Metaplasia: mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type. Dysplasia: cells vary in size & shape within a tissue. Anaplasia: undifferentiated cells with variable nuclear & cell structure. Neoplasm: tumor. Cell Damage Ischemia: oxygen deficit due to respiratory or circulatory problems. Hypoxia: reduced oxygen in...