NU 545

NU 545 UNIT 3 9/21 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ TRH --> TSH --> TH Thyroxine - T4 & Triiodothyronine- T3 Lipid soluble; Negative feedback loop -Essential for normal growth and neurologic development in the fetus and infant -Affects metabolic, neurologic, CV and respiratory functioning -Required for the metabolism and function of blood cells, normal muscle functioning, and the integrity of skin, nails, and hair -Body heat production -Insulin an...

NU 545 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY UNIT 5, RESPIRATORY AND RENAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WIT COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED Alveoli Alveoli: Primary gas exchange units (cont.) • Oxygen enters the blood, and carbon dioxide (CO2) is removed. • Pores of Kohn • Epithelial cells -Type I alveolar cells (Alveolar structure) -Type II alveolar cells (Surfactant production: Prevents lung collapse) • Contain alveolar macrophages: Ingest foreign material, and remove it through the lymphatic system. ...

STUDY GUIDE UNIT 1 NU 545 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE What is metabolic absorption? The process of moving nutreints from the intestines into the blood stream. What uses oxygen to remove hyrdogen atoms in an oxidative reaction? Peroxiomes During cell injury what is released that is capable of cellular autodigestion? digestive enzymes from lysosomes Cellular Injury Chpt. 2 Power Point A nurse knows that free radicals may be produced by metabolism of exoge...

NU 545 UNIT 7 TEST STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ In somatic cell gene therapy, what type of vector is most commonly used to alter a specific set of an individual's somatic cells? a. Virus b. Bacteria c. RNA polymerase d. Recombinant DNA ANS: A In somatic cell gene therapy, a vector is used to carry a normal copy of the mutated gene into the individual's cells. These vectors are usually viruses, such as retroviruses, lentiviruses, or adenoviruses,...

NU545 CHAPTER 11 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED. Dr. Hans Selye: Known for - Worked to discover a new sex hormone. - Injected ovarian extracts into rats Dr. Hans Selye: Witnessed 1. Witnessed: - Enlargement of the adrenal cortex - Thymic atrophy - Development of bleeding ulcers in the stomach and duodenal lining 2. Witnessed these changes with many agents and called these stimuli stressors. general adaptation syndrome (GAS). Nonspecific response to noxious...

NU545 CHAPTER 8 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED Adaptive immunity: Characteristics - Works together with inflammation. - Recognizes foreign or "nonself" substances (ex. Antigens) - Provides long-term protection. - Is slower than innate but more specific. - Has memory. Example of antigens - Pathogens - Noninfectious environmental agents - Drugs - Vaccines - Transfusions - Transplants Adaptive immunity: End products of adaptive immunity - Lymphocyte...

UNIT 1: NU 545, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++ InTRAcellular within the cell InTERcellular between cells ADsorb Adhesion of atoms, ions, or molecules from a gas, liquid, or dissolved solid to a surface ABsorb Fluid is dissolved by or permeates liquid What is metabolic ABsorption? Cells taking in and using nutrients and other substances from their surroundings Kidney tubules function Reabsorb fluids, synthesize PRO Intestinal ...

NU545 CHAPTER 3 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE Total Body Water (TBW): Definition The sum of fluids within all compartments constitutes the TBW What are the 5 types of fluid that make up the TBW? 1. Intracellular fluid 2. Extracellular fluid 3. Interstitial fluid 4. Intravascular fluid 5. Transcellular fluids Intracellular fluid (ICF): Definition Inside the cell, 2/3 of body water Extracellular fluid (ECF): Definition Outside the cell, 1/3 of body wa...

NU545 CHAPTER 9 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE Allergy: Is an exaggerated response against an environmental antigen. Autoimmunity: Is a misdirected response against the host's own cells. Alloimmunity: Is directed against beneficial foreign tissues (e.g., transfusions, transplants) Hypersensitivity reactions: An altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease or damage to the host. Sensitization: Adequate amount of antibodies or...

UNIT 3 STUDY GUIDE FOR NU 545 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED. STIs Sexually transmitted infections affecting reproductive health. Syphilis stages Different phases of syphilis infection progression. Cervical cancer causes Primarily caused by HPV infection. PCOS Polycystic ovary syndrome causing hormonal imbalance. Primary amenorrhea Absence of menstruation by age 15. Secondary amenorrhea Menstrual cycle cessation after previously regular periods. Signs ...

NU 545 - UNIT 5 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED Which statement is true regarding the pulmonary system? The larynx connects the upper and lower airways Which statement is true regarding the lower airways? The right and left main bronchi enter the lungs at the hila. What process describes the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) for oxygen? Respiration Which receptor monitors the pH, partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2), and the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in ...

NU 545 CHAPTER 8 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE immunogenic most antigens are ____ and elicit an immune response antigen a molecule found on the outer surfaces of cells that the immune system recognizes as either part of the body or an outside invader; can react with antibodies or receptors on B and T cells paratope the antigen-binding site on the antibody or lymphocyte receptor adaptive immunity the ability to recognize and remember foreign ...

NU 545 CH 9 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE Hypersensitivity Altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease or damage to the host allergy Deleterious effects of hypersensitivity to environmental antigens Autoimmunity Disturbance in the immunologic tolerance of self-antigens Alloimmunity Immune reaction to tissues of another individual immunologic homeostasis steady state of tolerance to self-antigens or lack of immune reaction agai...

NU 545 CHAPTER 10 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ communicability ability of a pathogen to spread from person to person immunogenicity ability of a pathogen to induce an immune response infectivity ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host mechanism of action how a pathogen microorganism damages tissues pathogenicity ability of pathogen to cause a disease portal of entry route pathogen takes to enter a new reservoir or host toxigenici...

NU 545 UNIT 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED. 1. What nerves are capable of regeneration? PNS(peripheral nervous system) axons readily regenerate by a process called axonal reaction Brain portion responsible for keeping you awake The Reticular Activating System (RAS) is a bundle of nerves that sits in your brainstem. And its job is to regulate behavior, arousal, consciousness and motivation. Brain portion responsible for controlling thought Your prefrontal co...

NU545 CHAPTER 3 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE extracellular fluid interstitial fluid, plasma, intravascular fluid, CSF, sweat, urine, etc. store less fat, higher metabolic rates, and greater evaporative loss why are infants more susceptible to significant total body water loss renal what mechanisms are not mature enough that regulate fluid and electrolyte conservation; leads to dehydration adipose cells individuals with more body fat have pro...

NU 545 CH 15 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE CNS and PNS two divisions of the nervous sytem brain and spinal cord what makes up the central nervous system cranial and spinal nerves what makes up the peripheral nervous system voluntary control of skeletal muscle in the somatic nervous system is ____ involuntary control of motor and sensory pathways in the autonomic nervous system is ____ myelin sheath formed around selected axons to create...

NU 545- UNIT 4 STUDY GUIDE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ Infectious Mononucleosis p. 966 A benign, acute, self-limiting lymphoproliferative clinical syndrome characterized by acute viral infection of B lymphocytes (B cells). Associated with several tumors, most commonly specific lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Most common cause- EBV. Major manifestations of EBV induced IM: Pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, Fever. Other viral causes for IM: CMV, adenovirus, HIV, Hep A,...

NU 545 UNIT 7 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED Describe the specific chromosomal abnormality responsible for Down Syndrome The most well known aneuploidy (those that do not contain a multiple of 23 chromosomes) in an autosome is trisomy of the 21st chromosome. J. Langdon Down 1st described the the disease in 1866. Down syndrome is seen in 1 in 800 births. IQ's between 25 and 70. Facial features: low nasal bridge, epicentral folds, protruding tongue, and flat low...

NU 545 CH 7 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ Cathelicidins Family of antimicrobial peptides that in humans has one member. Defensins antimicrobial peptides that inhibit microbial growth Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) soluble acute-phase protein in the blood that binds to mannose residues on pathogen surfaces and, when bound, activates the complement system by the lectin pathway Resistin-like molecule beta Found in intestinal goblet cells, where it appears to pr...