MCAT 1

NADPH - Answers-what is the product of the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway? ribose-5-phosphate - Answers-what is the product of the non-oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway? glucose-6-phosphate - Answers-what is the main reactant in the pentose phosphate pathway? glucose -> glucose 6-phosphate fructose 6-phosphate -> fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

use this equation to determine the velocity in a free fall scenario where acceleration due to gravity is equal to 9.8 m/s² - Answers- use this equation to determine the centripetal acceleration of an object moving in a circle at a constant speed - Answers- use this equation to determine the centripetal force of an object moving in a circle at a constant speed - Answers- use this equation to determine the gravitational force btw. two objects - Answers- use this equation to determine ...

Folate - Answers-Enzyme cofactor used in the transport of methylene groups, synthesis of purines and thymine required for normal fetal nervous system development Fat soluble vitamins require - Answers-bile acids for slubilizaation and absorption Excess fat soluble vitamins are stored in adipose tissue - Answers- Excess water soluble vitamins are - Answers-excreted in urine byt he kidneys

L-sugars - Answers-sugars with the highest-numbered chiral carbon with the -OH group on the left (in a fischer projection) D- and L-forms of the same sugar are: - Answers-enantiomers diastereomers - Answers-isomers that differ at at least one—but not all—chiral carbons. non-mirror image stereoisomers. have different chemical and physical properties. type of configurational isomer epimer - Answers-isomers that differ at exactly one chiral carbon anomers - Answers-isomers that diff...

oligodendrocyte - Answers-a glial cell similar to an astrocyte, but with fewer protuberances, concerned with the production of myelin in the central nervous system astrocyte - Answers-a star-shaped glial cell of the central nervous system that provides biochemical support for the endothelial cells that form the blood-brain barrier corticosteroids - Answers-a class of chemicals that includes the steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates as well as the synthetic...

positive vs negative controls -which is often used to observe placebo effect? - Answers-Positive: a control group in an experiment that uses a treatment that is known to produce results. (e.g., testing new HIV detector device on those w/ HIV) Negative: a control group in an experiment that uses a treatment that isn't expected to produce results.(e.g., testing new HIV detector device on those w/o HIV) *often used to observe placebo effect Accuracy (validity) vs. Precision (reliability...

What type of quantity is it? - Answers-1. The dimension of *WORK* is abbreviated as *W*. The dimension of *ENERGY* is abbreviated as *E*. The dimension of *KINETIC ENERGY* is abbreviated as *KE*. The dimension of *POTENTIAL ENERGY* is abbreviated as *PE*. 2. ALL are EQUAL to one another. 3. ALL are SCALAR quantities (does NOT contain a direction) 3. ALL are measured in *(kg)(m^2)/(s^2)* (aka: joules, J). Note: While work and energy are equivalent to torque, torque contains a d...

Conflict Theory - Answers-Theory by Karl Marx that states that society is in a permanent state of conflict due to competition for limited resources. Social order is maintained by domination and power. Has thesis and antithesis. Causes synthesis of new state. e.g. "how exposure to environmental pollution and hazards is shaped by race and class; how words play a role in reproducing and justifying conflict;" Functionalism - Answers-Emile Durkheim - approach that emphasizes the contributi...

Ω - Answers-V/A /C/ (Capacitance) is measured in - Answers-Farads (C/V) F (Farad) - Answers-C/V /E/ (Electrical Field) - Answers-N/C B (Magnetic Field) is measured in - Answers-T (Tesla) Tesla - Answers-N/A∙m 1 atm = ___ torr - Answers-760 (760 mmHg) torr (units) - Answers-mmHg

Where do T-lymphocytes differentiate? - Answers-thymus Where do B-lymphocytes differentiate? - Answers-bone marrow What does bone marrow produce? - Answers-blood cells Which organ is a site for leukocytes to proliferate, pathogen removal from blood, and removal of old erythrocytes and platelets from blood? - Answers-spleen Which organ is a site for leukocytes to proliferate, pathogen removal from lymph, and initiation of immune response? - Answers-lymph nodes Is innate immunity sp...

sucrose - Answers- lactose - Answers- glycogen - Answers- starch - Answers- cellulose - Answers- triacylglyceride - Answers- phospholipid - Answers- terpene - Answers- cholesterol - Answers- nucleotide - Answers- nucleoside - Answers- cytosine - Answers- thymine - Answers- uracil - Answers- adenine - Answers- guanine - Answers- glucose - Answers- glucose-6-P - Answers-

Piaget's stages of cognitive development - Answers-1. sensorimotor 2. preoperational 3. concrete operational 4. formal operational Piaget: Sensorimotor Stage - Answers-0-2 years; intelligence takes the form of motor actions. object permanence, water is wet, the water moves if i touch the glass Piaget: Preoperational - Answers-2-7; more extensive use of language and symbolism; magical thinking, self focused, this is water Piaget: Concrete Operational - Answers-7-11. Thinking logica...

Motion parallax: (ex. when driving in desert, mountain far away perceived to be moving slower than objects close to the car that seem to move very fast) Constancy - Answers-Shape constancy: (ex. understand door is rectangular even if it is "changing shape" while being opened in front of us) Color constancy: (ex. red cup is partially dark in one side due to lighting, but is still red) Size constancy: (ex. person further away appears to be smaller, but still same size as person clos...

Mitochondria - Answers--power plant of the cell, provides energy -outer membrane, inner membrane (cristae), intermembrane space, michondrial matrix -semi-autonomous - have their own DNA and can replicate through binary fision = cytoplasmic/extranuclear inheritance **RBCs don't have mitochondria - their only source of energy is from glycolysis Apoptosis - Answers--programmed cell death -mitchondria can do apoptosis, as well as lysosomes Lysosomes - Answers--have hydrolytic enzyme...

Peptide Hormones - Answers-Ant Pit: FSH, LH, ACTH, hGH, TSH, Prolaxctin Post Pit: ADH oxytocin Parathy: PTH Pancreatic: Glucagon and Insulin Steroid Hormone Decription - Answers-Derived from cholesterol Smooth endo rect Protein transport Diffuse through membrane Steroid Hormones - Answers-Glucocorticoids and mineral corticoids of adrenal cortex; cortisol and aldosterone Gonad Hormones: Estrogen, Progesterone, Testosterone Tyrosine Derivatives - Answers-Thyroid Hormones; T3 and T4...

Difference between Absolute Threshold and Threshold of Conscious Perception - Answers--A stimulus below AT will not be transduced and never reaches CNS -A stimulus below TCP arrives at CNS but does not reach the higher-order brain regions controlling attention and consciousness Difference Threshold (JND) - Answers-The minimum of difference in magnitude between 2 stimuli before one can perceive the difference Weber's Law - Answers-states that the JND for a stimulus is proportional to th...

lactose - Answers-galactose-b-1,4-glucose maltose - Answers-glucose-a-1,4-glucose cellulose - Answers-polymer of 1,4 linked beta-d-glucose startch - Answers-polymers of alpha-d-glucose example: amylose amylopectin also has branches of a-1,6 bonds iodine tests for the presence of start benedicts reagent - Answers-detects reducing sugars, red precipitate forms glucose oxidase - Answers-reduces glucose and only glucose dilute nitric acid - Answers-reduces aldehyde and primary

When glucose is taken up by its target cells, we want to make sure it isn't taken up by receptors and removed from the cell. Thats why hexokinase (or glucokinase) phosphorylates glucose, making it into................... and trapping it in the cell. - Answers-glucose 6-P What is the most common biological role for a kinase? - Answers-Adds a phosphate group Hexokinase is most active when glucose is................ and glucokinase is most active when glucose is................. - Answers-...

skin cells and muscle cells have same DNA with different expression peptide bond structure - Answers-linked amino acids (peptide bonds) form polypeptide chain polypeptide chain fold to form protein how are peptide bonds formed - Answers-nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction between carboxyl group amino acid structure - Answers-H, NH2, COOH bonded to a central carbon and then a variable R group (side chain) amino group - Answers-NH2 carboxyl group - Answers-COOH

This is an isoelectronic series, which means that the number of electrons on each ion is the same. In an isoelectronic series, the nuclear charge increases with increasing atomic number and draws the electrons inward with greater force. The ion with the fewest protons produces the weakest attractive force on the ions, so it has the largest size. Oxygen has the smallest atomic number, so it has the fewest protons, and therefore will have the greatest ion size. Which of the following best expla...