Geology
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Geology Exam Questions With Answers 
Diagenesis refers to ________. 
physical and chemical alterations, including compaction and cementation, that occur as sediment is transformed into rock 
 
 
Pulling a block of clay apart, resulting in the middle portion thinning and sinking, is an adequate analogy for ________. 
rift basins and subsidence 
 
 
Lithified detritus (breakdown products of preexisting rocks) forms which kind of sedimentary rock? 
clastic 
 
 
Cemented shells of marine organisms f...
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Geology Exam Questions With Answers 
Diagenesis refers to ________. 
physical and chemical alterations, including compaction and cementation, that occur as sediment is transformed into rock 
 
 
Pulling a block of clay apart, resulting in the middle portion thinning and sinking, is an adequate analogy for ________. 
rift basins and subsidence 
 
 
Lithified detritus (breakdown products of preexisting rocks) forms which kind of sedimentary rock? 
clastic 
 
 
Cemented shells of marine organisms f...
Geology Exam #1 Questions With Answers 
Who proposed the theory of Continental Drift? 
Alfred Wegener. 
 
 
In which ocean are most of the world's convergent plate boundaries located? 
Pacific Ocean. 
 
 
The east coast of North America is a what boundary? The West coast of South America is what boundary? 
Not a plate boundary. 
A convergent plate boundary. 
 
 
What is associated with a divergent plate boundary? Name a divergent plate boundary. 
Earthquakes, volcanicm and rifting. 
The mid-at...
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Geology Exam #1 Questions With Answers 
Who proposed the theory of Continental Drift? 
Alfred Wegener. 
 
 
In which ocean are most of the world's convergent plate boundaries located? 
Pacific Ocean. 
 
 
The east coast of North America is a what boundary? The West coast of South America is what boundary? 
Not a plate boundary. 
A convergent plate boundary. 
 
 
What is associated with a divergent plate boundary? Name a divergent plate boundary. 
Earthquakes, volcanicm and rifting. 
The mid-at...
Geology Exam #4 Questions With Answers 
Mass wasting 
the downslope movement of rock, regolith, snow, or ice due to the pull of gravity 
 
 
Landslide 
a sudden movement of rock and debris down a nonvertical slope 
 
 
Soil creep 
the very slow, gradual movement of regolith downslope → driven by expansion and contraction cycles (freeze-thaw and wetting-drying) 
 
 
Failure surface 
A weak surface that forms the base of a landslide. 
 
 
Slump 
A semi-coherent volume of regolith that slipped do...
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Geology Exam #4 Questions With Answers 
Mass wasting 
the downslope movement of rock, regolith, snow, or ice due to the pull of gravity 
 
 
Landslide 
a sudden movement of rock and debris down a nonvertical slope 
 
 
Soil creep 
the very slow, gradual movement of regolith downslope → driven by expansion and contraction cycles (freeze-thaw and wetting-drying) 
 
 
Failure surface 
A weak surface that forms the base of a landslide. 
 
 
Slump 
A semi-coherent volume of regolith that slipped do...
Geology Exam #4 Questions With Answers 
What is a parent isotope? A daughter? 
Parent Isotope: An isotope that undergoes decay to form a daughter isotope 
Daughter Isotope: May be stable or may decay to form another daughter (formed from the parent isotope) 
 
 
What is a half‐life? 
The time required for 1/2 of a radioactive isotope to decay ion a stable daughter isotope 
 
 
What is meant by mass wasting? 
The general term for all gravity induced movement of material down a slope. 
 
 
How a...
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Geology Exam #4 Questions With Answers 
What is a parent isotope? A daughter? 
Parent Isotope: An isotope that undergoes decay to form a daughter isotope 
Daughter Isotope: May be stable or may decay to form another daughter (formed from the parent isotope) 
 
 
What is a half‐life? 
The time required for 1/2 of a radioactive isotope to decay ion a stable daughter isotope 
 
 
What is meant by mass wasting? 
The general term for all gravity induced movement of material down a slope. 
 
 
How a...
Geology Exam #4 Questions With Answers 
Hydrologic Cycle 
The continuous recycling of water from the oceans, through the atmosphere, to the continents, and back to the oceans 
 
 
Gradient 
The downhill slope of a river measured as vertical drop/horizontal 
 
 
Velocity 
The measure of the downstream distance water travels in a given time measure as ft/sec or m/sec 
 
 
Discharge 
The volume of water in a stream, measured as volume of water that passes a particular point in a given period of tim...
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Geology Exam #4 Questions With Answers 
Hydrologic Cycle 
The continuous recycling of water from the oceans, through the atmosphere, to the continents, and back to the oceans 
 
 
Gradient 
The downhill slope of a river measured as vertical drop/horizontal 
 
 
Velocity 
The measure of the downstream distance water travels in a given time measure as ft/sec or m/sec 
 
 
Discharge 
The volume of water in a stream, measured as volume of water that passes a particular point in a given period of tim...
Geology Exam # 3 Questions And Correct Answers 
Which of the following first appeared in the Mesozoic Era? 
Dinosaurs 
 
 
Fossils are more likely to be preserved under which conditions? 
Rapid burial 
 
 
Which of the following first appeared in the Paleozoic Era? 
Flowering plants, insects, fish, and reptiles 
 
 
The radioactive isotope X, decays to the stable isotope Y. The 1/2 life of this process is 1500 million yrs. If the original amount of X has been reduced by 50%, how old is the rock ...
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Geology Exam # 3 Questions And Correct Answers 
Which of the following first appeared in the Mesozoic Era? 
Dinosaurs 
 
 
Fossils are more likely to be preserved under which conditions? 
Rapid burial 
 
 
Which of the following first appeared in the Paleozoic Era? 
Flowering plants, insects, fish, and reptiles 
 
 
The radioactive isotope X, decays to the stable isotope Y. The 1/2 life of this process is 1500 million yrs. If the original amount of X has been reduced by 50%, how old is the rock ...
Geology Exam # 3 Questions And Correct Answers 
What does uniformitarianism mean? 
We can interpret the processes that formed ancient rock by examining the processes that form similar rock today. 
 
 
In this illustration, which is a correct interpretation of relative ages? 
The granite pluton is older than the fault, which is older than the dike. 
 
 
Which of the following is the MOST PRECISE estimate of when the folding occurred? 
Before the granite pluton intruded, and after intrusion of the...
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Geology Exam # 3 Questions And Correct Answers 
What does uniformitarianism mean? 
We can interpret the processes that formed ancient rock by examining the processes that form similar rock today. 
 
 
In this illustration, which is a correct interpretation of relative ages? 
The granite pluton is older than the fault, which is older than the dike. 
 
 
Which of the following is the MOST PRECISE estimate of when the folding occurred? 
Before the granite pluton intruded, and after intrusion of the...
Geology 1113 Exam #2 Questions With Answers 
Match the relative dating principles with the correct definition: Superposition 
The oldest is on the bottom, the youngest on top 
 
 
A mammoth frozen in the Arctic tundra of Siberia would be an example of which type of fossilization? 
Mummification 
 
 
The fossil record is biased toward preserving organisms with hard parts. 
True 
 
 
In cast and mold fossilization, the cast is the hollow space in the rock that subsequently becomes filled with mine...
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Geology 1113 Exam #2 Questions With Answers 
Match the relative dating principles with the correct definition: Superposition 
The oldest is on the bottom, the youngest on top 
 
 
A mammoth frozen in the Arctic tundra of Siberia would be an example of which type of fossilization? 
Mummification 
 
 
The fossil record is biased toward preserving organisms with hard parts. 
True 
 
 
In cast and mold fossilization, the cast is the hollow space in the rock that subsequently becomes filled with mine...
Geology 1113 Exam #2 Questions With Answers 
Match the relative dating principles with the correct definition: Superposition 
The oldest is on the bottom, the youngest on top 
 
 
A mammoth frozen in the Arctic tundra of Siberia would be an example of which type of fossilization? 
Mummification 
 
 
The fossil record is biased toward preserving organisms with hard parts. 
True 
 
 
In cast and mold fossilization, the cast is the hollow space in the rock that subsequently becomes filled with mine...
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Geology 1113 Exam #2 Questions With Answers 
Match the relative dating principles with the correct definition: Superposition 
The oldest is on the bottom, the youngest on top 
 
 
A mammoth frozen in the Arctic tundra of Siberia would be an example of which type of fossilization? 
Mummification 
 
 
The fossil record is biased toward preserving organisms with hard parts. 
True 
 
 
In cast and mold fossilization, the cast is the hollow space in the rock that subsequently becomes filled with mine...
Geology 1113 Exam #2 Questions With Answers 
Match the relative dating principles with the correct definition: Superposition 
The oldest is on the bottom, the youngest on top 
 
 
A mammoth frozen in the Arctic tundra of Siberia would be an example of which type of fossilization? 
Mummification 
 
 
The fossil record is biased toward preserving organisms with hard parts. 
True 
 
 
In cast and mold fossilization, the cast is the hollow space in the rock that subsequently becomes filled with mine...
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Geology 1113 Exam #2 Questions With Answers 
Match the relative dating principles with the correct definition: Superposition 
The oldest is on the bottom, the youngest on top 
 
 
A mammoth frozen in the Arctic tundra of Siberia would be an example of which type of fossilization? 
Mummification 
 
 
The fossil record is biased toward preserving organisms with hard parts. 
True 
 
 
In cast and mold fossilization, the cast is the hollow space in the rock that subsequently becomes filled with mine...