GI/GU exam questions and answers with verified
solutions!!
1. Nutrition Process of ingesting, absorbing, using and eliminating food in the body
2. Components mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine
of GI tract
3. Accessory organs liver, gallbladder, pancreas
of the GI tract
4. Digestion Accessory organs aid in
5. amylase Components of saliva
and
lysozyme
Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach. Helps keep
6. lower
food from back flowing
esophageal
sphincter
(LES)
7. 4L The stomach can hold up to how much food and fluid?
8. mechanical Physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces. Occurs in
di- gestion the mouth and stomach
9. Chyme Stomach mixes food with gastric juices to produce what?
10. Parietal, chief, 4-5L of gastric juices are produced daily by specialized cell in the stomach.
mucous, and These cells are called what?
enteroendocri
ne cells
11. hepatocytes Liver cells that produce bile and performs metabolic functions
12. parietal cells Secretes hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor
13. chief cells Stomach cells that secrete pepsin
, GI/GU exam questions and answers with verified
solutions!!
14. mucous cells Produces alkaline mucus that protects the stomach lining from gastric juice
15. enteroendocrin Secretes hormones that help regulate digestion
e cells
16. hydrochloric
Vital to protein digestion
acid (HCl)
17. intrinsic factor necessary for vitamin B12 absorption
18. Metabolism Biochemical reactions that occur in the body's cells
19. 4-6 hours How long does it take the stomach to empty after a meal?
20. pyloric sphincter What controls emptying of the stomach
21. 1L About 10 L of food, liquids, and secretions go through the GI tract daily
but only about reaches the large intestine
22. Small intestine Where chemical digestion takes place
23. diabetes What disorder has delayed gastric emptying therefore the food stays in th
stomach longer than normal
24. duodenum 1st portion of the small intestine beginning at the pyloric sphincter and
extends for 10 inches; pancreatic enzymes and bile from the liver
enter here
25. jejunum Middle portion of the small intestine; about 8 ft in length
26. Ileum Distal portion of the small intestine about 12 feet in length; meets large
intestine at ileocecal valve
27. Carbohydrates What does the small intestine break food down into
, proteins, and
fats
, GI/GU exam questions and answers with verified
solutions!!
28. large intestine 5 ft long; absorbs water, salts, and vitamins from chyme and forms stools
29. mucus What do goblet cells secrete that lubricate feces
30. affects of dental changes, tongue atrophies, saliva production decreases, smell
aging on the decreas- es, swallowing mechanism decreases, lower esophageal
GI system
sphincter (LES) relaxes causing reflux, digestive juice excretion
decreases, intestinal peristalsis slows, rectal walls lose elasticity.
31. liver Largest organ in the body
32. liver -produces and excretes bile
-has 4 lobes (each are independent and can be separated)
-hepatic artery supplies blood, portal vein removes blood
-metabolized carbs, protein, and fats
-inactivates toxins and foreign substances
-synthesizes plasma proteins and enzymes
-metabolizes or inactivates hormones
-stores blood, minerals, and vitamins
33. Kupffer cells Macrophages in the liver. These cells remove debris from the liver- bacteri
and
aged blood cells
34. Bile Necessary to emulsify and absorb fats
35. Bile salts, cho- What is contained in bile
lesterol,
bilirubin,
electrolytes,
wa- ter and
phospho- lipids
36. Gallbladder -bile is concentrated and stored here
-when bile is not needed for digestion, sphincter of Oddi closes and the
, GI/GU exam questions and answers with verified
solutions!!
bile backs up to the cystic duct into the gallbladder
solutions!!
1. Nutrition Process of ingesting, absorbing, using and eliminating food in the body
2. Components mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine
of GI tract
3. Accessory organs liver, gallbladder, pancreas
of the GI tract
4. Digestion Accessory organs aid in
5. amylase Components of saliva
and
lysozyme
Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach. Helps keep
6. lower
food from back flowing
esophageal
sphincter
(LES)
7. 4L The stomach can hold up to how much food and fluid?
8. mechanical Physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces. Occurs in
di- gestion the mouth and stomach
9. Chyme Stomach mixes food with gastric juices to produce what?
10. Parietal, chief, 4-5L of gastric juices are produced daily by specialized cell in the stomach.
mucous, and These cells are called what?
enteroendocri
ne cells
11. hepatocytes Liver cells that produce bile and performs metabolic functions
12. parietal cells Secretes hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor
13. chief cells Stomach cells that secrete pepsin
, GI/GU exam questions and answers with verified
solutions!!
14. mucous cells Produces alkaline mucus that protects the stomach lining from gastric juice
15. enteroendocrin Secretes hormones that help regulate digestion
e cells
16. hydrochloric
Vital to protein digestion
acid (HCl)
17. intrinsic factor necessary for vitamin B12 absorption
18. Metabolism Biochemical reactions that occur in the body's cells
19. 4-6 hours How long does it take the stomach to empty after a meal?
20. pyloric sphincter What controls emptying of the stomach
21. 1L About 10 L of food, liquids, and secretions go through the GI tract daily
but only about reaches the large intestine
22. Small intestine Where chemical digestion takes place
23. diabetes What disorder has delayed gastric emptying therefore the food stays in th
stomach longer than normal
24. duodenum 1st portion of the small intestine beginning at the pyloric sphincter and
extends for 10 inches; pancreatic enzymes and bile from the liver
enter here
25. jejunum Middle portion of the small intestine; about 8 ft in length
26. Ileum Distal portion of the small intestine about 12 feet in length; meets large
intestine at ileocecal valve
27. Carbohydrates What does the small intestine break food down into
, proteins, and
fats
, GI/GU exam questions and answers with verified
solutions!!
28. large intestine 5 ft long; absorbs water, salts, and vitamins from chyme and forms stools
29. mucus What do goblet cells secrete that lubricate feces
30. affects of dental changes, tongue atrophies, saliva production decreases, smell
aging on the decreas- es, swallowing mechanism decreases, lower esophageal
GI system
sphincter (LES) relaxes causing reflux, digestive juice excretion
decreases, intestinal peristalsis slows, rectal walls lose elasticity.
31. liver Largest organ in the body
32. liver -produces and excretes bile
-has 4 lobes (each are independent and can be separated)
-hepatic artery supplies blood, portal vein removes blood
-metabolized carbs, protein, and fats
-inactivates toxins and foreign substances
-synthesizes plasma proteins and enzymes
-metabolizes or inactivates hormones
-stores blood, minerals, and vitamins
33. Kupffer cells Macrophages in the liver. These cells remove debris from the liver- bacteri
and
aged blood cells
34. Bile Necessary to emulsify and absorb fats
35. Bile salts, cho- What is contained in bile
lesterol,
bilirubin,
electrolytes,
wa- ter and
phospho- lipids
36. Gallbladder -bile is concentrated and stored here
-when bile is not needed for digestion, sphincter of Oddi closes and the
, GI/GU exam questions and answers with verified
solutions!!
bile backs up to the cystic duct into the gallbladder
