ASU Jonesboro NURS 6003 Exam 3 flash cards Questions with Correct Answers Graded A+
Benign Tumors - Answers Slow growing
Well-defined borders
Do not spread to other bodily parts
Rarely reappear following removal
Cells are well differentiated and look similar to normal cells
Malignant Tumors - Answers Grows rapidly Irregular borders Can spread to other body parts
May return after removal Cells are poorly differentiated and look abnormal
What are Paraneoplastic syndromes? - Answers uncommon conditions brought on by an
abnormal immune system reaction to a tumor
paraneoplastic syndrome examples - Answers Cushing's syndrome
Hypercalcemia
Lambert-Eaton syndrome
why do muscles cramp in hypocalcemia? - Answers Muscle cramps that occur because of
increased excitability of the nerves that supply the muscles
why do seizures occur in hypocalcemia? - Answers Seizures can happen because of increased
excitability in the central nervous system
why does tetany occur in hypocalcemia? - Answers Tetany, involuntary muscle contraction,
occurs due to increased excitability to the peripheral nerves.
How do Loop Diuretics work? - Answers work on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the
kidney
How do Thiazide diuretics work? - Answers work on the distal convoluted tubule in the kidney
how does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system control blood pressure? - Answers Renin is
released by the kidneys
ace converts angiotensin I to II
angiotensin II constricts vessels & stimulates adrenal glands to release aldosterone
, What is the role of ADH? - Answers to regulate water balance in the body
it is released by the pituitary gland to reduce urine volume and increase blood volume and blood
pressure
What are the causes of edema? - Answers Edema is swelling caused by excess fluid in the
body's tissues
heart failure
venous insufficiency
kidney/liver failure
what are causes of High anion gap metabolic acidosis - Answers dka
lactic acidosis
renal failure
methanol
ethylene
glycol
what are causes of Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis - Answers diarrhea
drugs
renal/tubular acidosis
what causes Metabolic acidosis - Answers increased production of organic acids
such as lactic acid or ketones, loss of bicarbonate (diarrhea), or accumulation of endogenous
acids (renal failure).
what causes Metabolic alkalosis - Answers caused by loss of acids (vomiting or diuretic use) or
gain of bicarbonate ingestion of antacids or administration of bicarbonate
what causes Respiratory acidosis - Answers caused by decreased alveolar ventilation leading to
an increase in arterial carbon dioxide concentration, as in COPD or asthma
what causes Respiratory alkalosis - Answers caused by hyperventilation which leads to a
decrease in arterial carbon dioxide concentration such as anxiety, fever, or hypoxia
how do the lungs compensate in acid base balance? - Answers Hyperventilation decreases
Benign Tumors - Answers Slow growing
Well-defined borders
Do not spread to other bodily parts
Rarely reappear following removal
Cells are well differentiated and look similar to normal cells
Malignant Tumors - Answers Grows rapidly Irregular borders Can spread to other body parts
May return after removal Cells are poorly differentiated and look abnormal
What are Paraneoplastic syndromes? - Answers uncommon conditions brought on by an
abnormal immune system reaction to a tumor
paraneoplastic syndrome examples - Answers Cushing's syndrome
Hypercalcemia
Lambert-Eaton syndrome
why do muscles cramp in hypocalcemia? - Answers Muscle cramps that occur because of
increased excitability of the nerves that supply the muscles
why do seizures occur in hypocalcemia? - Answers Seizures can happen because of increased
excitability in the central nervous system
why does tetany occur in hypocalcemia? - Answers Tetany, involuntary muscle contraction,
occurs due to increased excitability to the peripheral nerves.
How do Loop Diuretics work? - Answers work on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the
kidney
How do Thiazide diuretics work? - Answers work on the distal convoluted tubule in the kidney
how does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system control blood pressure? - Answers Renin is
released by the kidneys
ace converts angiotensin I to II
angiotensin II constricts vessels & stimulates adrenal glands to release aldosterone
, What is the role of ADH? - Answers to regulate water balance in the body
it is released by the pituitary gland to reduce urine volume and increase blood volume and blood
pressure
What are the causes of edema? - Answers Edema is swelling caused by excess fluid in the
body's tissues
heart failure
venous insufficiency
kidney/liver failure
what are causes of High anion gap metabolic acidosis - Answers dka
lactic acidosis
renal failure
methanol
ethylene
glycol
what are causes of Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis - Answers diarrhea
drugs
renal/tubular acidosis
what causes Metabolic acidosis - Answers increased production of organic acids
such as lactic acid or ketones, loss of bicarbonate (diarrhea), or accumulation of endogenous
acids (renal failure).
what causes Metabolic alkalosis - Answers caused by loss of acids (vomiting or diuretic use) or
gain of bicarbonate ingestion of antacids or administration of bicarbonate
what causes Respiratory acidosis - Answers caused by decreased alveolar ventilation leading to
an increase in arterial carbon dioxide concentration, as in COPD or asthma
what causes Respiratory alkalosis - Answers caused by hyperventilation which leads to a
decrease in arterial carbon dioxide concentration such as anxiety, fever, or hypoxia
how do the lungs compensate in acid base balance? - Answers Hyperventilation decreases
