PSY 101 EXAM 3 MSU QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Learning - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a relatively permanent behavior change due to experience or
observation. A stimulus-response
Cognitive Learning - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅cognitive processes like thinking, reasoning, and memory
Social Learning - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Schemas, norms, roles (situational)
Behaviorism Learning - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Stimulus-response
conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the process of learning associations
Classical conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a learned association between two or more stimuli and
anticipated events
Acquisition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The initial stage of learning when a neutral stimuluys is linked to an
unconditioned stimulus (the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response) Thus, making
neutral stimulus a conditioned stimulus.
Extinction - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The diminished (weakened) responding that occurs when the
conditioned stimulus no longer signals an upcoming unconditioned stimulis. Repeated presentation of
the CS without the US causes the CS to no longer elicit the CR.
Spontaneous Recovery - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The reappearance of a weakened conditioned response
after a pause.
Stimulus Generalization - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The tendency, once a response has been conditioned,
for stimuli like the CS to elicit similar responses CR.
Stimulus Discrimination - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The learned ability to discriminate between a CS and
stimuli that do not signal an US.
, Biological Predispositions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅John Garcia discovered that organisms are
predisposed to learn associations that help them adapt and survive. Contrary to what others believe,
some associations are learned more readily than others. US does not have to immediately follow the CS.
Addiction in classical conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Former drug users often feel a craving when
they are again in the drug-using context - with people or in places they associate with previous highs.
Thus, drug counselors advise addicts to change environment.
Advertising in classical conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅paring previously neutral stimuli (brands or
products) with erotic images will, over4 time, elecit the same positive responce as the image. Sex Sells.
Thorndike's Law of Effect - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Behavior followed by a pleasant outcome (reward) is
likely to happen again. If it is a negative outcome it is less likely.
Operant Chamber - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Skinner developed the operant chamber to study operant
conditioning.
Shaping - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A procedure in which reinforcers such as food guide an animal's
actions toward desired behavior (also known as the method of successive approximations)
Successive approximations - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅another word for shaping
Reinforcement - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅"re" peat or "enforce" the behavior (increase)
positive reinforcer - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅add something pleasant, the addition of a stimulus following
a given behavior to increase the behavior frequency. (person receives money)
negative reinforcer - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅remove something unpleasant, the removal of an
unpleasant stimulus following a given behavior to increase the behavior frequency (painkillers remove
headache, child has chores taken away).
Learning - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a relatively permanent behavior change due to experience or
observation. A stimulus-response
Cognitive Learning - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅cognitive processes like thinking, reasoning, and memory
Social Learning - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Schemas, norms, roles (situational)
Behaviorism Learning - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Stimulus-response
conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the process of learning associations
Classical conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a learned association between two or more stimuli and
anticipated events
Acquisition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The initial stage of learning when a neutral stimuluys is linked to an
unconditioned stimulus (the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response) Thus, making
neutral stimulus a conditioned stimulus.
Extinction - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The diminished (weakened) responding that occurs when the
conditioned stimulus no longer signals an upcoming unconditioned stimulis. Repeated presentation of
the CS without the US causes the CS to no longer elicit the CR.
Spontaneous Recovery - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The reappearance of a weakened conditioned response
after a pause.
Stimulus Generalization - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The tendency, once a response has been conditioned,
for stimuli like the CS to elicit similar responses CR.
Stimulus Discrimination - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The learned ability to discriminate between a CS and
stimuli that do not signal an US.
, Biological Predispositions - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅John Garcia discovered that organisms are
predisposed to learn associations that help them adapt and survive. Contrary to what others believe,
some associations are learned more readily than others. US does not have to immediately follow the CS.
Addiction in classical conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Former drug users often feel a craving when
they are again in the drug-using context - with people or in places they associate with previous highs.
Thus, drug counselors advise addicts to change environment.
Advertising in classical conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅paring previously neutral stimuli (brands or
products) with erotic images will, over4 time, elecit the same positive responce as the image. Sex Sells.
Thorndike's Law of Effect - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Behavior followed by a pleasant outcome (reward) is
likely to happen again. If it is a negative outcome it is less likely.
Operant Chamber - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Skinner developed the operant chamber to study operant
conditioning.
Shaping - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅A procedure in which reinforcers such as food guide an animal's
actions toward desired behavior (also known as the method of successive approximations)
Successive approximations - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅another word for shaping
Reinforcement - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅"re" peat or "enforce" the behavior (increase)
positive reinforcer - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅add something pleasant, the addition of a stimulus following
a given behavior to increase the behavior frequency. (person receives money)
negative reinforcer - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅remove something unpleasant, the removal of an
unpleasant stimulus following a given behavior to increase the behavior frequency (painkillers remove
headache, child has chores taken away).
