NR 228 Exam 2 (Latest Updated): Nutrition,
Health & Wellness | Study Guide Questions with
Complete Solutions - Chamberlain
Exam 2 NR 228
Exam 2:
Chapters 7 & 8: Vitamins & Minerals
1. Describe the role of vitamins in bodily requirements and health promotion
▪ Vitamins are organic molecules required in very small amounts for cellular
metabolism. Each vitamin performs a specific metabolic function. We cannot
produce these vitamins on our own, we must consume them. (Vitamins aid in
digestion, buffering chemical reactions, and acting as a precursor molecule)
▪ Vitamins are divided into two categories: Fat-soluble and water-soluble
vitamins
Fat-soluble (A, D, E, K): Stored in fat cells, in the liver, and near
the
liver for 3-6 weeks
Water-soluble: Pass through the body’s water supply. The body
can’t keep these vitamins, so they must be ingested for the body
to maintain an appropriate level.
▪ Health Promotion: Vitamins and minerals are considered essential nutrients;
and in acting together, they carry out hundreds of functional roles within the
body. (For ex,
they help with growth and development, strong bones, heals wounds, and
strengthens the immune system).
2. Discusses the recommended intake of vitamins.
▪ Fat-soluble Requirements:
(1 µg (microgram) of retinol is equivalent to 1 µg RAE.)
▪ Vitamin A: Men 900 micrograms, Women 700 micrograms, and Tolerable
upper intake level (UL) 3,000 microgram
▪ Vitamin D: Adults 5 microgram Al (<51yrs 10 microgram, <70yrs 15
microgram, and UL 50 micrograms
, ▪ Vitamin E: Adults 15 mg TE and UL 1,000 mg TE
▪ Vitamin K: Men 120 microgram Al, Women 90 micrograms Al
▪ Water-soluble Requirements:
▪ Thiamin (B1): Men 1.2 mg, Women 1.1 mg
▪ Riboflavin (B2): Men 1.3 mg, Women 1.1 mg
▪ Niacin (B3): Men 16 mg NE, Women 14 mg NE, UL 35 mg NE
▪ Pyridoxine (B6): Men 1.3 mg, Women 1.3 mg, UL 100mg
, ▪ Folate (Folic Acid, Folacin, PGA): Men 400 micrograms, Women 400
micrograms. Pregnancy: 600 micrograms. Lactation: 500 micrograms.
UL: 1000 micrograms
▪ Cobalamin (B12): Adults 2.4 micrograms
▪ Biotin: Adults 30 micrograms Al
▪ Pantothenic acid: Adults 5mg Al
▪ Choline: Men 550 mg, Women 425 mg, UL 3500 mg
▪ Vitamin C: Men 90 mg, Women 75mg, UL 2000 mg
3. Identifies the types of vitamins (fat vs water soluble), food sources,
deficiency, and toxicity
Fat-Soluble: A, D, E, K
▪ Are absorbed w/lipids and high risk of toxicity
▪ Stored in the fatty tissue and in the liver
▪ Not easily excreted
▪ Do not need to be eaten as often as water-soluble vitamins
Vitamin A:
▪ Active form of vitamin A is called retinol. Retinol has a yellowish-color
pigment. The precursor, beta carotene, has an orange-colored pigment
▪ Major Action: Normal vision, tissue strength, growth & immune system function
▪ Deficiency causes: Night blindness (1st indication of deficiency),
Xerophthalmia (dry, thickened condition of the conjunctiva), Keratomalacia
(deterioration of the cornea), Blindness (severe deficiency).
▪ Food Sources: Vitamin A can also be absorbed in the form of topical solutions,
such as soaps, creams, and lotions. Can often see it as an added ingredient to
cosmetic products, but it is also found in nonnutritive sources (i.e., medications).
Can be ingested & absorbed more easily by eating green, yellow, and orange
fruits & veggies and by animal fat resources (i.e., whole milk & liver).
▪ Vitamin A can cause weakness, anorexia, vomiting, and enlarge spleen
and liver. However, toxicity is rare.
Health & Wellness | Study Guide Questions with
Complete Solutions - Chamberlain
Exam 2 NR 228
Exam 2:
Chapters 7 & 8: Vitamins & Minerals
1. Describe the role of vitamins in bodily requirements and health promotion
▪ Vitamins are organic molecules required in very small amounts for cellular
metabolism. Each vitamin performs a specific metabolic function. We cannot
produce these vitamins on our own, we must consume them. (Vitamins aid in
digestion, buffering chemical reactions, and acting as a precursor molecule)
▪ Vitamins are divided into two categories: Fat-soluble and water-soluble
vitamins
Fat-soluble (A, D, E, K): Stored in fat cells, in the liver, and near
the
liver for 3-6 weeks
Water-soluble: Pass through the body’s water supply. The body
can’t keep these vitamins, so they must be ingested for the body
to maintain an appropriate level.
▪ Health Promotion: Vitamins and minerals are considered essential nutrients;
and in acting together, they carry out hundreds of functional roles within the
body. (For ex,
they help with growth and development, strong bones, heals wounds, and
strengthens the immune system).
2. Discusses the recommended intake of vitamins.
▪ Fat-soluble Requirements:
(1 µg (microgram) of retinol is equivalent to 1 µg RAE.)
▪ Vitamin A: Men 900 micrograms, Women 700 micrograms, and Tolerable
upper intake level (UL) 3,000 microgram
▪ Vitamin D: Adults 5 microgram Al (<51yrs 10 microgram, <70yrs 15
microgram, and UL 50 micrograms
, ▪ Vitamin E: Adults 15 mg TE and UL 1,000 mg TE
▪ Vitamin K: Men 120 microgram Al, Women 90 micrograms Al
▪ Water-soluble Requirements:
▪ Thiamin (B1): Men 1.2 mg, Women 1.1 mg
▪ Riboflavin (B2): Men 1.3 mg, Women 1.1 mg
▪ Niacin (B3): Men 16 mg NE, Women 14 mg NE, UL 35 mg NE
▪ Pyridoxine (B6): Men 1.3 mg, Women 1.3 mg, UL 100mg
, ▪ Folate (Folic Acid, Folacin, PGA): Men 400 micrograms, Women 400
micrograms. Pregnancy: 600 micrograms. Lactation: 500 micrograms.
UL: 1000 micrograms
▪ Cobalamin (B12): Adults 2.4 micrograms
▪ Biotin: Adults 30 micrograms Al
▪ Pantothenic acid: Adults 5mg Al
▪ Choline: Men 550 mg, Women 425 mg, UL 3500 mg
▪ Vitamin C: Men 90 mg, Women 75mg, UL 2000 mg
3. Identifies the types of vitamins (fat vs water soluble), food sources,
deficiency, and toxicity
Fat-Soluble: A, D, E, K
▪ Are absorbed w/lipids and high risk of toxicity
▪ Stored in the fatty tissue and in the liver
▪ Not easily excreted
▪ Do not need to be eaten as often as water-soluble vitamins
Vitamin A:
▪ Active form of vitamin A is called retinol. Retinol has a yellowish-color
pigment. The precursor, beta carotene, has an orange-colored pigment
▪ Major Action: Normal vision, tissue strength, growth & immune system function
▪ Deficiency causes: Night blindness (1st indication of deficiency),
Xerophthalmia (dry, thickened condition of the conjunctiva), Keratomalacia
(deterioration of the cornea), Blindness (severe deficiency).
▪ Food Sources: Vitamin A can also be absorbed in the form of topical solutions,
such as soaps, creams, and lotions. Can often see it as an added ingredient to
cosmetic products, but it is also found in nonnutritive sources (i.e., medications).
Can be ingested & absorbed more easily by eating green, yellow, and orange
fruits & veggies and by animal fat resources (i.e., whole milk & liver).
▪ Vitamin A can cause weakness, anorexia, vomiting, and enlarge spleen
and liver. However, toxicity is rare.
