What are the clinical signs of DIC?
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1. Bleeding from multiple sites: foley, surgical sites, IVs, drains
2. Hemorrhagic events: GI, SAH
3. Petechiae/purpura/ecchymosis
4. Ischemia-> cyanosis: often extremities and organ failure
5. Decreased BP, increased HR, decreased UO, decreased LOC
How does the arterial curve change with atrial fibrillation?
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, A disorganized atrial baseline creates a variable arterial pulse because of
the differences in stroke volume between each beat
Role of beta blockers in heart failure
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-Action: decrease SNS activity, block beta and alpha receptors (carvedilol,
metoprolol)-> decrease HR and afterload, vasodilation
-Preferred drug in HF
-Caution: start low dose, increase to optimal dose, hold if SBP<70 or sx
hypotension, coping with SE
How would you identify premature ventricular contractions?
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-Large, bizarre complexes that can come early, followed by
a pause; can progress to serious ventricular dysrhythmias
-Unifocal (same area), multifocal (different areas),
ventricular bigeminy (PVC after every other QRS) or
ventricular trigeminy (after every third QRS)
How does the body's stress response affect blood glucose levels?
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-Physiologic stress stimulates release of cortisol and epinephrine from
adrenal glands, further stimulating glucagon
, -Circulating glucagon can be increased 5x causing hyperglycemia in
critical illness
How would you identify normal sinus rhythm?
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1. Rate: 60-100
2. Rhythm: regular
3. P-waves: present
4. PR interval: .12-.2 sec
5. QRS: <.12, narrow
What is the most common adverse reaction to blood transfusions?
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-Hemolytic reaction, hypersensitivity reaction, and febrile reaction
-Tx: acetaminophen and diphenhydramine to prevent hypersensitivity and
febrile reaction
What is systemic vascular resistance? Calculation? Treatment?
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1. Bleeding from multiple sites: foley, surgical sites, IVs, drains
2. Hemorrhagic events: GI, SAH
3. Petechiae/purpura/ecchymosis
4. Ischemia-> cyanosis: often extremities and organ failure
5. Decreased BP, increased HR, decreased UO, decreased LOC
How does the arterial curve change with atrial fibrillation?
Give this one a try later!
, A disorganized atrial baseline creates a variable arterial pulse because of
the differences in stroke volume between each beat
Role of beta blockers in heart failure
Give this one a try later!
-Action: decrease SNS activity, block beta and alpha receptors (carvedilol,
metoprolol)-> decrease HR and afterload, vasodilation
-Preferred drug in HF
-Caution: start low dose, increase to optimal dose, hold if SBP<70 or sx
hypotension, coping with SE
How would you identify premature ventricular contractions?
Give this one a try later!
-Large, bizarre complexes that can come early, followed by
a pause; can progress to serious ventricular dysrhythmias
-Unifocal (same area), multifocal (different areas),
ventricular bigeminy (PVC after every other QRS) or
ventricular trigeminy (after every third QRS)
How does the body's stress response affect blood glucose levels?
Give this one a try later!
-Physiologic stress stimulates release of cortisol and epinephrine from
adrenal glands, further stimulating glucagon
, -Circulating glucagon can be increased 5x causing hyperglycemia in
critical illness
How would you identify normal sinus rhythm?
Give this one a try later!
1. Rate: 60-100
2. Rhythm: regular
3. P-waves: present
4. PR interval: .12-.2 sec
5. QRS: <.12, narrow
What is the most common adverse reaction to blood transfusions?
Give this one a try later!
-Hemolytic reaction, hypersensitivity reaction, and febrile reaction
-Tx: acetaminophen and diphenhydramine to prevent hypersensitivity and
febrile reaction
What is systemic vascular resistance? Calculation? Treatment?
Give this one a try later!
