Hypoventilation -answer-State in which reduced amount of air that enters lungs results
in decreased oxyyen levels and increased carbon dioxide level in blood(can be caused
by shalloe/slow breathing or diminished lung function)
NHA CCMA | Exam 2026/2027 | Questions and Complete Solutions |
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Hyperpnea -answer-Abnormal increase in depth/rate of breathing
Hyperventilation -answer-Increased amount of air entering the lungs
Blood pressure is the -answer-Amount of force exerted by the blood on the peripheral
artery walls and os expressed in millimeters of mercury (mmhg)
Systolic -answer-Highest point of pressure is known as
Diastolic -answer-Lowest point of pressure
The size of the bp cuff will depend on the -answer-Circumference of the pts limb
Bp cuffs that are to small(short/narrow) -answer-Can give falsely high readings
If the bp cuff is positioned on the brachial artery below the heart level -answer-Bp will
appear falsely high
,If the BP cuff is located on the brachial artery far above heart level -answer-Blood
pressure will appear falsely low
The Bp cuff should be deflated at -answer-2-3 mmg per second
Common errors in bp measurement -answer-Improper cuff size, arm is not at heart
level, cuff not completely deflated before use, deflating the cuff faster then 2-3 mmhg
per second, reinflating the cuff repeatedly w/o 1-2min rest
Improper cuff placement and defective equipment
Anthropometroc measurements for pediatric patients include -answer-Length (for
infants-/toddlers), height,weight (weight for length) and head circumference
Adult anthropometric measurements include -answer-Height, weight, BMI, waist to hip
ratio and %of body fat
(The 4principles of) Physical examination includes -answer-Inspection, palpatation,
percussion amd auscultatiom
Horizontal recumbent position -answer-Pt lies on back with legs extended (arms can be
above head, alongside body or folded on the chest
Dorsal recumbent position (used for genital exams) -answer-Pt lies on back with kness
flexed and soles of feet on the bed
Fowlers position
(promotes drainage and eases breathing) -answer-Pt is sitting or semi sitting position,
the bed is elevated at 45°(semi fowlers) or 90°(high fowlers) legs are usually flat on the
table but knees may be slightly raised
Dorsal lithotomy position -answer-Used for pelvic exams. Similar to dorsal recumbent
except pt's legs are well separated and thighs are acutely flexed. Feet are usually
placed in stirrups
Prone position -answer-Used to examine spine/back. Pt lies om abdomen w/head
turned to one side, arm may be above head or alongside the bodu
Sims position -answer-(Used for rectal exams) pt lies on left left w/right knee flexed
against the abdomen and left knee slightly flexed. LA is usually behind the body and RA
is placed comfortably
Knee-chest position -answer-(used for rectal/vaginal exams and as tx to bring uterus
back into normal position) pt is on kneed w/chest resting on elbows can be rested on
bed or arms above head, head turned to one side, thighs are straight and lower legs are
flat on the bed. (NEVER leave pt alone in this position)
,Trendelenburg position -answer-(primarily used for surgical procedures of the
pelvis/andomen) Pt is placed flat on back face up, knees flexed w/legs hanging off the
end of the table. Legs and feet are supported by a footboard, table is positioned w/head
45°lower than the body
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) -answer-Responsible for
identification of various hazards present in the workplace and for the creation of
rules/regulations to minimize exposure to hazards,
Types of hazards -answer-physical, chemical, and biological.
Controlling bleeding from External hemorrhage is accomplished by -answer-Elevating
effected body Part above heart level and applying direct pressure to the wound. (Do not
attempt to elevate if extremity is broken because it can cause more damage)
Shock -answer-Insufficient return of blood flow to heart resulting in inadequate supply
of oxygen to all organs/body tissues is known as
Symptoms of shock -answer-Pale, cold, rapid weak pulse, increased shallow breathing,
expressionless face/ staring eyes
First aid for shock -answer-Maintain open airway->call for assistance->keep victim lying
down w/head lower than the rest of body->attempt to control bleeding/cause of shock-
>keep victim warm until help arrives
Chain of infection -answer-Agent-> portal of exit->reservoir->mode of transmission-
>susceptible host->portal of entry
Common modes of transmission of infection -answer-Contact, droplet, airborne,
commom vehicle and vectorborne
Agents -answer-Infectious microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites)
Medical asepsis -answer-Destruction of pathogenic microorganisms after they leave
the body( type of methods of medical asepsis are standard precautions and
transmission based precautions)
Disinfect -answer-Use of various chemicals to destroy pathogenic microorganisms on
inanimate objects
The least expensive and most commonly used disinfectant -answer-1:10 solution of
bleach
Boiling water (a form of of disinfection) -answer-Can not be used in invasive
procedures, or inserted into body orifices or be used in sterile procedures
, Surgical asepsis(Sterile) -answer-Destruction of ALL microbial life, pathogens and non
pathogens before performing an invasive procedure
Four methods of sterilization -answer-1.Gas,(wheel chairs hospital beds) 2.dry heat(
instruments that are easily corroded), 3.chemical and 4.steam/autoclave(temp of 250'-
254F for 20-40min, used for surgical equipmemt)
The most important/effective way to prevent the spread of infection is -answer-
Handwashing
Types of PPE (personal protective eqiupment) include -answer-Masks, goggles,face
shields and respirators
Isolation precautions are used when -answer-It is assumed that all blood and body
fluids are potentially infectious
Standard precautions -answer-designed to prevent direct contact with blood and bodily
fluids using a barrier method(PPE ex gloves, face mask etc) and work control
techniques(using sharps container)
Transmission- based precautions -answer-Second tier of precautions and are used
when pt has a known contagious infection/disease
Contact Air borne, and droplet precautions are all types of -answer-Transmission
based precautions
In the last decade this type of sensitivity/allergy has grown, Health care workers must
be concerned about this and all individuals with this known sensitivity/allergy must wear
a medical alert bracelet. -answer-Latex sensitivity/allergy
Parts of a RX include -answer-1.Patients name adress, dob. 2. Todays date. 3.name of
meds 4.dosage 5.how many doses should be taken at once 6.2which route(orally etc) 7.
Directions on when/how to take Meds 8.#of doses to be dispensed 9.#of refills 10.
DEA# 11.Drs signature
Po -answer-By mouth
Pr -answer-Per rectum
Sl -answer-Sublingual
IV -answer-Intravenous
IM -answer-Intra muscular(in the muscle via injection)
Sq -answer-Sub cutaneous (under skin via injection)
in decreased oxyyen levels and increased carbon dioxide level in blood(can be caused
by shalloe/slow breathing or diminished lung function)
NHA CCMA | Exam 2026/2027 | Questions and Complete Solutions |
Already Graded A+ | 100% Verified |pass!!
Hyperpnea -answer-Abnormal increase in depth/rate of breathing
Hyperventilation -answer-Increased amount of air entering the lungs
Blood pressure is the -answer-Amount of force exerted by the blood on the peripheral
artery walls and os expressed in millimeters of mercury (mmhg)
Systolic -answer-Highest point of pressure is known as
Diastolic -answer-Lowest point of pressure
The size of the bp cuff will depend on the -answer-Circumference of the pts limb
Bp cuffs that are to small(short/narrow) -answer-Can give falsely high readings
If the bp cuff is positioned on the brachial artery below the heart level -answer-Bp will
appear falsely high
,If the BP cuff is located on the brachial artery far above heart level -answer-Blood
pressure will appear falsely low
The Bp cuff should be deflated at -answer-2-3 mmg per second
Common errors in bp measurement -answer-Improper cuff size, arm is not at heart
level, cuff not completely deflated before use, deflating the cuff faster then 2-3 mmhg
per second, reinflating the cuff repeatedly w/o 1-2min rest
Improper cuff placement and defective equipment
Anthropometroc measurements for pediatric patients include -answer-Length (for
infants-/toddlers), height,weight (weight for length) and head circumference
Adult anthropometric measurements include -answer-Height, weight, BMI, waist to hip
ratio and %of body fat
(The 4principles of) Physical examination includes -answer-Inspection, palpatation,
percussion amd auscultatiom
Horizontal recumbent position -answer-Pt lies on back with legs extended (arms can be
above head, alongside body or folded on the chest
Dorsal recumbent position (used for genital exams) -answer-Pt lies on back with kness
flexed and soles of feet on the bed
Fowlers position
(promotes drainage and eases breathing) -answer-Pt is sitting or semi sitting position,
the bed is elevated at 45°(semi fowlers) or 90°(high fowlers) legs are usually flat on the
table but knees may be slightly raised
Dorsal lithotomy position -answer-Used for pelvic exams. Similar to dorsal recumbent
except pt's legs are well separated and thighs are acutely flexed. Feet are usually
placed in stirrups
Prone position -answer-Used to examine spine/back. Pt lies om abdomen w/head
turned to one side, arm may be above head or alongside the bodu
Sims position -answer-(Used for rectal exams) pt lies on left left w/right knee flexed
against the abdomen and left knee slightly flexed. LA is usually behind the body and RA
is placed comfortably
Knee-chest position -answer-(used for rectal/vaginal exams and as tx to bring uterus
back into normal position) pt is on kneed w/chest resting on elbows can be rested on
bed or arms above head, head turned to one side, thighs are straight and lower legs are
flat on the bed. (NEVER leave pt alone in this position)
,Trendelenburg position -answer-(primarily used for surgical procedures of the
pelvis/andomen) Pt is placed flat on back face up, knees flexed w/legs hanging off the
end of the table. Legs and feet are supported by a footboard, table is positioned w/head
45°lower than the body
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) -answer-Responsible for
identification of various hazards present in the workplace and for the creation of
rules/regulations to minimize exposure to hazards,
Types of hazards -answer-physical, chemical, and biological.
Controlling bleeding from External hemorrhage is accomplished by -answer-Elevating
effected body Part above heart level and applying direct pressure to the wound. (Do not
attempt to elevate if extremity is broken because it can cause more damage)
Shock -answer-Insufficient return of blood flow to heart resulting in inadequate supply
of oxygen to all organs/body tissues is known as
Symptoms of shock -answer-Pale, cold, rapid weak pulse, increased shallow breathing,
expressionless face/ staring eyes
First aid for shock -answer-Maintain open airway->call for assistance->keep victim lying
down w/head lower than the rest of body->attempt to control bleeding/cause of shock-
>keep victim warm until help arrives
Chain of infection -answer-Agent-> portal of exit->reservoir->mode of transmission-
>susceptible host->portal of entry
Common modes of transmission of infection -answer-Contact, droplet, airborne,
commom vehicle and vectorborne
Agents -answer-Infectious microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites)
Medical asepsis -answer-Destruction of pathogenic microorganisms after they leave
the body( type of methods of medical asepsis are standard precautions and
transmission based precautions)
Disinfect -answer-Use of various chemicals to destroy pathogenic microorganisms on
inanimate objects
The least expensive and most commonly used disinfectant -answer-1:10 solution of
bleach
Boiling water (a form of of disinfection) -answer-Can not be used in invasive
procedures, or inserted into body orifices or be used in sterile procedures
, Surgical asepsis(Sterile) -answer-Destruction of ALL microbial life, pathogens and non
pathogens before performing an invasive procedure
Four methods of sterilization -answer-1.Gas,(wheel chairs hospital beds) 2.dry heat(
instruments that are easily corroded), 3.chemical and 4.steam/autoclave(temp of 250'-
254F for 20-40min, used for surgical equipmemt)
The most important/effective way to prevent the spread of infection is -answer-
Handwashing
Types of PPE (personal protective eqiupment) include -answer-Masks, goggles,face
shields and respirators
Isolation precautions are used when -answer-It is assumed that all blood and body
fluids are potentially infectious
Standard precautions -answer-designed to prevent direct contact with blood and bodily
fluids using a barrier method(PPE ex gloves, face mask etc) and work control
techniques(using sharps container)
Transmission- based precautions -answer-Second tier of precautions and are used
when pt has a known contagious infection/disease
Contact Air borne, and droplet precautions are all types of -answer-Transmission
based precautions
In the last decade this type of sensitivity/allergy has grown, Health care workers must
be concerned about this and all individuals with this known sensitivity/allergy must wear
a medical alert bracelet. -answer-Latex sensitivity/allergy
Parts of a RX include -answer-1.Patients name adress, dob. 2. Todays date. 3.name of
meds 4.dosage 5.how many doses should be taken at once 6.2which route(orally etc) 7.
Directions on when/how to take Meds 8.#of doses to be dispensed 9.#of refills 10.
DEA# 11.Drs signature
Po -answer-By mouth
Pr -answer-Per rectum
Sl -answer-Sublingual
IV -answer-Intravenous
IM -answer-Intra muscular(in the muscle via injection)
Sq -answer-Sub cutaneous (under skin via injection)
