1|Page
ICVA NAVLE REAL EXAM 1
ICVA – NORTH AMERICAN
VETERINARY LICENSING REAL
EXAMINATION (NAVLE) EXAM 1
REVIEW & PRACTICE TESTBANK
2025/ 2026 LATEST UPDATE WITH
EXPERT VERIFIED QUESTIONS
AND APPROVED SOLUTIONS FOR
GUARANTEED PASS GRADED A+
A 2 year old spayed female indoor/ outdoor Singapura cat has had
severe facial pruritus for the past two weeks. Vaccinations are up to
date, and the cat is on a monthly regimen of topical iidacloprid.
Examination of the skin shows linear ulcers along the ventral aspects of
both mandibles and miliary scabs on the ventral and lateral aspects of
the neck. The remainder of the dermis appears normal. Deep and surface
skin scrapings and dermatophyte culture are negative. Which of the
following is the most appropriate next diagnostic step?
a) serum allergy testing
b) thyrpid function testing
c) trial of a hypoallergenic diet d) trial of intramuscular
methylprednisolone
,2|Page
e) trial of oral cyclosporine
----Solution----c) trial of a hypoallergenic diet
Food allergies are a common cause of severe pruritus and miliary
dermatitis in cats, particularly affecting areas like the face and neck. The
linear ulcers along the mandibles and miliary scabs are consistent with
an allergic reaction, and food allergies are one of the more common
triggers.
-A hypoallergenic diet trial is a non invasive diagnostic tool to assess for
food allergies as a cause of the dermatitis . By eliminating potential
allergens, it helps identify whether dietary components are causing skin
issues
-The lack of response to parasite treatments and the negative skin
scrapings and deratophyte culture suggest that parasitic or fungal causes
are unlikely. This makes dietary cause more likely, hence the need for a
hypoallergenic trial
A 12-year-old spayed female Persian cat is evaluated because of a one-
week history of anorexia, vomiting, polyuria and polydipsia. Body
condition score is 3/9. Physical examination shows lethargy and
enlarged, irregular kidneys bilaterally.
Serum studies show:
BUN: 32.18 mg/dl (N10-30) Creatinine: 2.54 mg/dl (N 0.5-2.0)
Glucose: 110mg/dl (N 65-120) Which of the following is the most likely
cause of these findings?
a) bacterial cystitis
b) chronic intersitial nephritis
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c) diabetes mellitus
d) polycystic kidney disease
e) transitional cell carcinoma
----Solution----D) Polycystic kidney disease
The patient is a 12 year old persian cat. Polycystic kidney disease is a
genetic condition that is particularly common in Persian cats and related
breeds.
-Clinical signs: The cat has a one week history of anorexia, vomiting,
polyuria and polydpsia which are all classic signs of chronic kidney
disease or renal dysfunction. PKD often leads to chronic kidney disease
as the cysts in the kidneys progressively damage the renal tissue.
Elevated BUN and creatinine suggest a degree of renal dysfunction.
WHile these values are mildly elevated they are consistent with early or
moderate stage chronic kidney disease.
A 5 year old Simmental cow who is used as a donor for embryo transfer
is evaluated because of the acute onset of anorexia and lethargy. She has
been flushed six times; the most recent flushing occured 10 days ago.
Rectal temperature is 104. During physical examination, the cow is
reluctant to move and periodically kicks ate her abdomen. On rectal
palpation, the left kidney is grossly enlarged and has a smooth texture.
When stimulated to urinate, the urine is grossly hematuric; numerous
blood clots and fibrin are present. Which of the following is the most
appropriate treatment?
a) administration of gentamicin intravenously
b) administration of procaine penicillin G intramuscularly
, 4|Page
c) long term catheterization of the bladder
d) surgical removal of the enlarged kidney
e) no treatment is indicated
----Solution----b) administration of procaine penicillin G
Acute onset of anorexia, lethargy and hematuria; the cow has developed
sudden severe signs including hematuria which suggests a UTI, likely
pyelonephritis.
-Rectal palpation of the left kidney is grossly enlarged with a smooth
texture, indicating inflammation or infection
-History of embryo transfer may predispose cow to ascending bacterial
infections
-reluctance to move and abdominal kicking
-procaine penicillin G is a good treatment for pyelonephritis because it
can be used for corynebacteriuma renale and it has good tissue
penetration.
-DO NOT use gentamicin in cows because it is nephrotoxic and
withdrawal time is prolonged
12 year old male budgerigar is evaluated because of a two week history
of progressive difficulty gripping with the right foot. The client reports
that during the past three days, the bird has stopped using foot entirely
but he still flies around the house daily. On physical examination, mild
coelemic distension is palpated. The bird is standing on his perch using
the left leg only. All toes of the right foot are pointing downward with
no gripping capability. Which of the following is the most likely cause
of paralysis?
ICVA NAVLE REAL EXAM 1
ICVA – NORTH AMERICAN
VETERINARY LICENSING REAL
EXAMINATION (NAVLE) EXAM 1
REVIEW & PRACTICE TESTBANK
2025/ 2026 LATEST UPDATE WITH
EXPERT VERIFIED QUESTIONS
AND APPROVED SOLUTIONS FOR
GUARANTEED PASS GRADED A+
A 2 year old spayed female indoor/ outdoor Singapura cat has had
severe facial pruritus for the past two weeks. Vaccinations are up to
date, and the cat is on a monthly regimen of topical iidacloprid.
Examination of the skin shows linear ulcers along the ventral aspects of
both mandibles and miliary scabs on the ventral and lateral aspects of
the neck. The remainder of the dermis appears normal. Deep and surface
skin scrapings and dermatophyte culture are negative. Which of the
following is the most appropriate next diagnostic step?
a) serum allergy testing
b) thyrpid function testing
c) trial of a hypoallergenic diet d) trial of intramuscular
methylprednisolone
,2|Page
e) trial of oral cyclosporine
----Solution----c) trial of a hypoallergenic diet
Food allergies are a common cause of severe pruritus and miliary
dermatitis in cats, particularly affecting areas like the face and neck. The
linear ulcers along the mandibles and miliary scabs are consistent with
an allergic reaction, and food allergies are one of the more common
triggers.
-A hypoallergenic diet trial is a non invasive diagnostic tool to assess for
food allergies as a cause of the dermatitis . By eliminating potential
allergens, it helps identify whether dietary components are causing skin
issues
-The lack of response to parasite treatments and the negative skin
scrapings and deratophyte culture suggest that parasitic or fungal causes
are unlikely. This makes dietary cause more likely, hence the need for a
hypoallergenic trial
A 12-year-old spayed female Persian cat is evaluated because of a one-
week history of anorexia, vomiting, polyuria and polydipsia. Body
condition score is 3/9. Physical examination shows lethargy and
enlarged, irregular kidneys bilaterally.
Serum studies show:
BUN: 32.18 mg/dl (N10-30) Creatinine: 2.54 mg/dl (N 0.5-2.0)
Glucose: 110mg/dl (N 65-120) Which of the following is the most likely
cause of these findings?
a) bacterial cystitis
b) chronic intersitial nephritis
,3|Page
c) diabetes mellitus
d) polycystic kidney disease
e) transitional cell carcinoma
----Solution----D) Polycystic kidney disease
The patient is a 12 year old persian cat. Polycystic kidney disease is a
genetic condition that is particularly common in Persian cats and related
breeds.
-Clinical signs: The cat has a one week history of anorexia, vomiting,
polyuria and polydpsia which are all classic signs of chronic kidney
disease or renal dysfunction. PKD often leads to chronic kidney disease
as the cysts in the kidneys progressively damage the renal tissue.
Elevated BUN and creatinine suggest a degree of renal dysfunction.
WHile these values are mildly elevated they are consistent with early or
moderate stage chronic kidney disease.
A 5 year old Simmental cow who is used as a donor for embryo transfer
is evaluated because of the acute onset of anorexia and lethargy. She has
been flushed six times; the most recent flushing occured 10 days ago.
Rectal temperature is 104. During physical examination, the cow is
reluctant to move and periodically kicks ate her abdomen. On rectal
palpation, the left kidney is grossly enlarged and has a smooth texture.
When stimulated to urinate, the urine is grossly hematuric; numerous
blood clots and fibrin are present. Which of the following is the most
appropriate treatment?
a) administration of gentamicin intravenously
b) administration of procaine penicillin G intramuscularly
, 4|Page
c) long term catheterization of the bladder
d) surgical removal of the enlarged kidney
e) no treatment is indicated
----Solution----b) administration of procaine penicillin G
Acute onset of anorexia, lethargy and hematuria; the cow has developed
sudden severe signs including hematuria which suggests a UTI, likely
pyelonephritis.
-Rectal palpation of the left kidney is grossly enlarged with a smooth
texture, indicating inflammation or infection
-History of embryo transfer may predispose cow to ascending bacterial
infections
-reluctance to move and abdominal kicking
-procaine penicillin G is a good treatment for pyelonephritis because it
can be used for corynebacteriuma renale and it has good tissue
penetration.
-DO NOT use gentamicin in cows because it is nephrotoxic and
withdrawal time is prolonged
12 year old male budgerigar is evaluated because of a two week history
of progressive difficulty gripping with the right foot. The client reports
that during the past three days, the bird has stopped using foot entirely
but he still flies around the house daily. On physical examination, mild
coelemic distension is palpated. The bird is standing on his perch using
the left leg only. All toes of the right foot are pointing downward with
no gripping capability. Which of the following is the most likely cause
of paralysis?
