NURS 341 Exam #3 – Questions With Proper Solutions
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Terms in this set (116)
What is the second leading cause of death Cancer
in the US?
What are the most common types of Lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, skin, stomach
cancer?
What are some risk factors for cancer? Carcinogens, environment, hormones, lifestyle, heredity,
obesity, infectious disease, medications, immune status, age,
nutrition
What are the two major dysfunctions in Uncontrolled cell growth and altered cell differentiation
cancer development?
What is the pyramid effect in cancer cell Exponential growth of cancer cells from continuous and
growth? indiscriminate proliferation (1 x 2 x 4 x 8 x 16 x 32...)
What is contact inhibition? The phenomenon where cells do not grow into other cell
places
What are proto-oncogenes? Genes that regulate normal cellular processes such as
promoting growth; they become oncogenes when mutated.
What is the role of tumor suppressor genes? They suppress cell growth; examples include BRCA 1 and
BRCA 2.
What are the three stages of cancer Initiation, promotion, and progression
development?
What occurs during the initiation stage of Genetic mutation caused by carcinogens such as chemicals,
cancer development? radiation, and viruses.
What factors contribute to the promotion Conditions that favor the growth of cancerous mutations,
stage of cancer? including inflammatory agents and hormones.
What happens during the promotion stage Cells divide and grow, creating conditions that are favorable
of cancer development? to grow cancerous mutations.
What does reversibility in cancer If promoters are removed, the cells may stop proliferating,
development mean? thus potentially halting the cancer development process.
, What occurs during the progression stage Tumor must develop and form its own blood supply; original
of cancer development? tumor is primary tumor; metastasis occurs when cancer cells
move from primary location by breaking off from original
group and establishing remote colonies.
What is metastasis? The process by which cancer cells move from the primary
tumor to establish remote colonies.
What distinguishes benign tumors from Malignant tumors invade nearby tissue and can metastasize,
malignant tumors? while benign tumors do not.
What are the characteristics of benign Do not invade nearby tissue, typically don't grow back when
tumors? removed, cells are differentiated (normal appearance), rarely
reoccur after being removed, can cause harm by compressing
nerves, reducing blood flow, or placing pressure within
confined areas like the brain.
What are the characteristics of malignant Proliferate in an uncontrolled fashion, no contact inhibition,
tumors? poorly differentiated (abnormal appearance), genetically
unstable, invasive growth, formation of metastases,
immortality (no apoptosis), can regrow if removed.
What is histological tumor grading? Grade I: Mild dysplasia; Grade II: Moderate dysplasia; Grade
III: Severe dysplasia; Grade IV: Anaplasia; Grade X: Grade
cannot be assessed.
What are the stages of cancer/tumor Stage 0: Cancer in situ; Stage I: Tumor limited to the tissue of
staging? origin; localized tumor growth; Stage II: Limited local spread;
Stage III: Extensive local and regional spread; Stage IV:
Metastasis.
What does the TNM classification stand for? Tumor (T), Nodes (N), Metastasis (M)
What is the significance of stage 0 in cancer It indicates cancer in situ, meaning the cancer is localized and
staging? has not spread.
What are CAUTION symptoms in cancer Change in bowel or bladder habits, a sore that does not heal,
detection? unusual bleeding, thickening or lump, indigestion, obvious
changes in warts or moles, nagging cough.
What are the types of cancer? Solid tumor malignancies and hematological malignancies
(lymphatics, leukemias).
What are constitutional signs in cancer Weight loss, fatigue, fever of unknown cause, night sweats.
clinical presentation?
What are malignancy-specific signs and Shortness of breath, wheezing, constant pneumonia.
symptoms in cancer clinical presentation?
Why is prevention and early detection To have better patient outcomes.
important in cancer?
What is primary prevention in cancer? Risk factor modification, immunization, and chemoprevention.
What is secondary prevention in cancer? Screening for early detection, such as mammograms and
colonoscopies.
Save
Students also studied
Sherpath: Diabetes Mellitus Chapter 21 Test Case Study 4 (Short
30 terms 24 terms 22 terms
jesssbee Preview kenanderson2017 Preview Brittany182
Terms in this set (116)
What is the second leading cause of death Cancer
in the US?
What are the most common types of Lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, skin, stomach
cancer?
What are some risk factors for cancer? Carcinogens, environment, hormones, lifestyle, heredity,
obesity, infectious disease, medications, immune status, age,
nutrition
What are the two major dysfunctions in Uncontrolled cell growth and altered cell differentiation
cancer development?
What is the pyramid effect in cancer cell Exponential growth of cancer cells from continuous and
growth? indiscriminate proliferation (1 x 2 x 4 x 8 x 16 x 32...)
What is contact inhibition? The phenomenon where cells do not grow into other cell
places
What are proto-oncogenes? Genes that regulate normal cellular processes such as
promoting growth; they become oncogenes when mutated.
What is the role of tumor suppressor genes? They suppress cell growth; examples include BRCA 1 and
BRCA 2.
What are the three stages of cancer Initiation, promotion, and progression
development?
What occurs during the initiation stage of Genetic mutation caused by carcinogens such as chemicals,
cancer development? radiation, and viruses.
What factors contribute to the promotion Conditions that favor the growth of cancerous mutations,
stage of cancer? including inflammatory agents and hormones.
What happens during the promotion stage Cells divide and grow, creating conditions that are favorable
of cancer development? to grow cancerous mutations.
What does reversibility in cancer If promoters are removed, the cells may stop proliferating,
development mean? thus potentially halting the cancer development process.
, What occurs during the progression stage Tumor must develop and form its own blood supply; original
of cancer development? tumor is primary tumor; metastasis occurs when cancer cells
move from primary location by breaking off from original
group and establishing remote colonies.
What is metastasis? The process by which cancer cells move from the primary
tumor to establish remote colonies.
What distinguishes benign tumors from Malignant tumors invade nearby tissue and can metastasize,
malignant tumors? while benign tumors do not.
What are the characteristics of benign Do not invade nearby tissue, typically don't grow back when
tumors? removed, cells are differentiated (normal appearance), rarely
reoccur after being removed, can cause harm by compressing
nerves, reducing blood flow, or placing pressure within
confined areas like the brain.
What are the characteristics of malignant Proliferate in an uncontrolled fashion, no contact inhibition,
tumors? poorly differentiated (abnormal appearance), genetically
unstable, invasive growth, formation of metastases,
immortality (no apoptosis), can regrow if removed.
What is histological tumor grading? Grade I: Mild dysplasia; Grade II: Moderate dysplasia; Grade
III: Severe dysplasia; Grade IV: Anaplasia; Grade X: Grade
cannot be assessed.
What are the stages of cancer/tumor Stage 0: Cancer in situ; Stage I: Tumor limited to the tissue of
staging? origin; localized tumor growth; Stage II: Limited local spread;
Stage III: Extensive local and regional spread; Stage IV:
Metastasis.
What does the TNM classification stand for? Tumor (T), Nodes (N), Metastasis (M)
What is the significance of stage 0 in cancer It indicates cancer in situ, meaning the cancer is localized and
staging? has not spread.
What are CAUTION symptoms in cancer Change in bowel or bladder habits, a sore that does not heal,
detection? unusual bleeding, thickening or lump, indigestion, obvious
changes in warts or moles, nagging cough.
What are the types of cancer? Solid tumor malignancies and hematological malignancies
(lymphatics, leukemias).
What are constitutional signs in cancer Weight loss, fatigue, fever of unknown cause, night sweats.
clinical presentation?
What are malignancy-specific signs and Shortness of breath, wheezing, constant pneumonia.
symptoms in cancer clinical presentation?
Why is prevention and early detection To have better patient outcomes.
important in cancer?
What is primary prevention in cancer? Risk factor modification, immunization, and chemoprevention.
What is secondary prevention in cancer? Screening for early detection, such as mammograms and
colonoscopies.
