pharmacology exam 2 Questions and Answers | Fall 2026/2027 Update |
100% Correct| graded a+| pass!!
aminoglycosides adverse effects -answer-CNS nervous system: effects include
ototoxicity, irreversible deafness, vestibular paralysis.
Renal Toxicity: progress to renal failure. Drug toxicity to the glomerulus
GI Effects: N/V/D, weight loss, stomatitis, hepatic toxicity
Cardiac Effects: palpitations, hypotension and hypertension.
Hypersensitivity reactions: purpura, rash, urticarial, dermatitis
aminoglycosides drug-drug interactions -answer-Most have synergistic bactericidal
when given with penicillin or cephalosporin & have positive effects.
Avoid: diuretics which increases toxicity.
gentamicin -answer-Treatment of pseudomonas infections and a wide variety of gram
negative infections.
neonmycin -answer-mycifradin
Suppresions of GI normal flora preoperatively, treatment of hepatic coma and topical
treatment of skin wounds
amikacin -answer-amikin
Treatment of serious gram negative infections.
tobramycin -answer-tobi.tobrex
Short term IV or IM tx of serious infections, ocular infections caused by susceptible
bacteria
streptomyocin -answer-generic
, 4th drug in combination therapy regiment of tuberculosis, treatment of severe infections
if the organism has been to shown to be sensitive
CARBAPENEMS -answer-- Very broad spectrum (gm+/- aerobic or anaerobic)
- high risk, usually HAI's.
- Often effective against organisms resistant to PCNs and Cephalosporins.
CARBAPENEMS mech of action -answer--Inhibit cell membrane synthesis susceptible
bacteria leading to cell death.
-Bactericidal.
-Broad spectrum.
-Effective against gram positive and gram negative.
carbapenems adverse effects -answer-GI effects: C Diff, N/V/D can lead to dehydration
and electrolyte imbalance
Superinfections: occur with any carbapenems
CNS effects: headache, dizziness, altered mental state.
CARBAPENEMS drug-drug interactions -answer-If patient is on valproic acid: the acid
levels to fall and increase the risk of seizures.
Doripenem -answer-doribax
Tx of complicated intra abdominal infections or complicated UTIs
Ertapenem -answer-(Invanz)
Tx of communited acquired pneumonia complicated GU infections, acute pelivic
infections,skin structure infections
Imipenem-cilastin (Primaxin) -answer-Tx of serious respiratory , intra abdominal
tract,gynecological, bone and joint structure
Meropenem ( Merrem IV) -answer-Tx of bacterial meningitis, complicated skin and skin
structure infections
CEPHALOSPORINS -answer-best go to for PCN allergies. 4 generations, there are a
lot of them! Look for pre-fix "Cef......" GI: "upset tummy.................................... C. diff.
Can be renal toxic in high doses.
Cephalosporins mech of action and stain -answer--interfere with cell wall building when
they divide
cephlosporins adverse effects -answer-GI tract: N/V/D, anorexia, abdominal pain and
flatulence. CNS: headache, dizziness, lethargy and paresthesia.
Nephrotoxicity: patients who have predisposing renal insufficiency
Superinfections: death of protective bacteria of normal flora.
100% Correct| graded a+| pass!!
aminoglycosides adverse effects -answer-CNS nervous system: effects include
ototoxicity, irreversible deafness, vestibular paralysis.
Renal Toxicity: progress to renal failure. Drug toxicity to the glomerulus
GI Effects: N/V/D, weight loss, stomatitis, hepatic toxicity
Cardiac Effects: palpitations, hypotension and hypertension.
Hypersensitivity reactions: purpura, rash, urticarial, dermatitis
aminoglycosides drug-drug interactions -answer-Most have synergistic bactericidal
when given with penicillin or cephalosporin & have positive effects.
Avoid: diuretics which increases toxicity.
gentamicin -answer-Treatment of pseudomonas infections and a wide variety of gram
negative infections.
neonmycin -answer-mycifradin
Suppresions of GI normal flora preoperatively, treatment of hepatic coma and topical
treatment of skin wounds
amikacin -answer-amikin
Treatment of serious gram negative infections.
tobramycin -answer-tobi.tobrex
Short term IV or IM tx of serious infections, ocular infections caused by susceptible
bacteria
streptomyocin -answer-generic
, 4th drug in combination therapy regiment of tuberculosis, treatment of severe infections
if the organism has been to shown to be sensitive
CARBAPENEMS -answer-- Very broad spectrum (gm+/- aerobic or anaerobic)
- high risk, usually HAI's.
- Often effective against organisms resistant to PCNs and Cephalosporins.
CARBAPENEMS mech of action -answer--Inhibit cell membrane synthesis susceptible
bacteria leading to cell death.
-Bactericidal.
-Broad spectrum.
-Effective against gram positive and gram negative.
carbapenems adverse effects -answer-GI effects: C Diff, N/V/D can lead to dehydration
and electrolyte imbalance
Superinfections: occur with any carbapenems
CNS effects: headache, dizziness, altered mental state.
CARBAPENEMS drug-drug interactions -answer-If patient is on valproic acid: the acid
levels to fall and increase the risk of seizures.
Doripenem -answer-doribax
Tx of complicated intra abdominal infections or complicated UTIs
Ertapenem -answer-(Invanz)
Tx of communited acquired pneumonia complicated GU infections, acute pelivic
infections,skin structure infections
Imipenem-cilastin (Primaxin) -answer-Tx of serious respiratory , intra abdominal
tract,gynecological, bone and joint structure
Meropenem ( Merrem IV) -answer-Tx of bacterial meningitis, complicated skin and skin
structure infections
CEPHALOSPORINS -answer-best go to for PCN allergies. 4 generations, there are a
lot of them! Look for pre-fix "Cef......" GI: "upset tummy.................................... C. diff.
Can be renal toxic in high doses.
Cephalosporins mech of action and stain -answer--interfere with cell wall building when
they divide
cephlosporins adverse effects -answer-GI tract: N/V/D, anorexia, abdominal pain and
flatulence. CNS: headache, dizziness, lethargy and paresthesia.
Nephrotoxicity: patients who have predisposing renal insufficiency
Superinfections: death of protective bacteria of normal flora.
