BIOL252 – Module 8 Exam Review (Portage Learning)
Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab (Portage Learning)
– Module 8 Exam Review (2025)
SECTION I: Endocrine System
1. Which gland is known as the “master gland” of the endocrine system?
A. Hypothalamus
B. Thyroid
C. Pituitary
D. Adrenal
Answer: C
Rationale: The pituitary regulates other endocrine glands through tropic hormones.
2. The posterior pituitary stores and releases which hormones?
A. ACTH and TSH
B. Oxytocin and ADH
C. GH and PRL
D. FSH and LH
Answer: B
Rationale: ADH and oxytocin are synthesized in the hypothalamus and released by the
posterior pituitary.
3. Which hormone regulates blood calcium levels by increasing osteoclast
activity?
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone
C. Aldosterone
D. Vitamin D
Answer: B
Rationale: PTH increases blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption.
, 4. What hormone is released in response to low blood glucose?
A. Insulin
B. Cortisol
C. Glucagon
D. Epinephrine
Answer: C
Rationale: Glucagon raises blood glucose by promoting glycogen breakdown.
5. Which endocrine disorder is caused by insufficient insulin production?
A. Type 2 diabetes
B. Diabetes insipidus
C. Type 1 diabetes
D. Hyperthyroidism
Answer: C
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes is autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
6. Which hormone increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys?
A. ADH
B. Aldosterone
C. ANP
D. Cortisol
Answer: B
Rationale: Aldosterone increases Na⁺ reabsorption and K⁺ excretion.
7. The adrenal medulla secretes which hormones?
A. Cortisol and aldosterone
B. Epinephrine and norepinephrine
C. Androgens
D. Insulin and glucagon
Answer: B
Rationale: These catecholamines mediate the fight-or-flight response.
Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab (Portage Learning)
– Module 8 Exam Review (2025)
SECTION I: Endocrine System
1. Which gland is known as the “master gland” of the endocrine system?
A. Hypothalamus
B. Thyroid
C. Pituitary
D. Adrenal
Answer: C
Rationale: The pituitary regulates other endocrine glands through tropic hormones.
2. The posterior pituitary stores and releases which hormones?
A. ACTH and TSH
B. Oxytocin and ADH
C. GH and PRL
D. FSH and LH
Answer: B
Rationale: ADH and oxytocin are synthesized in the hypothalamus and released by the
posterior pituitary.
3. Which hormone regulates blood calcium levels by increasing osteoclast
activity?
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone
C. Aldosterone
D. Vitamin D
Answer: B
Rationale: PTH increases blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption.
, 4. What hormone is released in response to low blood glucose?
A. Insulin
B. Cortisol
C. Glucagon
D. Epinephrine
Answer: C
Rationale: Glucagon raises blood glucose by promoting glycogen breakdown.
5. Which endocrine disorder is caused by insufficient insulin production?
A. Type 2 diabetes
B. Diabetes insipidus
C. Type 1 diabetes
D. Hyperthyroidism
Answer: C
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes is autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
6. Which hormone increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys?
A. ADH
B. Aldosterone
C. ANP
D. Cortisol
Answer: B
Rationale: Aldosterone increases Na⁺ reabsorption and K⁺ excretion.
7. The adrenal medulla secretes which hormones?
A. Cortisol and aldosterone
B. Epinephrine and norepinephrine
C. Androgens
D. Insulin and glucagon
Answer: B
Rationale: These catecholamines mediate the fight-or-flight response.
