BIO318 EXAM1 CH1,3,4,5,6
(cell,tissue,skin,bone) 2025 Expert
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State the different means by which ions and molecules get into and out of
cells. List factors that facilitate movement of ions or molecules across
plasma membranes and factors that inhibit movement across plasma
membranes. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔From channels (leak or gated)
-chemically gated channels
-voltage gated channels
-mechanically gated channels
,Depends on the permeability of the plasma membrane (lipid solubility or
not), size and charge of ion or molecule, and concentration gradient.
What is diffusion and what factors affect diffusion? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to low
-the movement occurs until the concentration gradient is eliminated
-molecules continue to move after the concentration gradient is eliminated
but there's no movement in any certain direction
What is osmosis? How does the tonicity of solutes affect the shape of
cells? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔diffusion of water across selectively permeable
membrane in response to solute differences
isosmotic - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔contains the same number of solutes
hyperosmotic - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔one of the solutions has more solutes
hypoosmotic - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔one of the solutions has less solutes
isotonic - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔there is no net gain or loss of water
hypotonic - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔there is a gain of water into the cells
-hemolysis- the bursting of cells
,hypertonic - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔there is a net water flow out of cells
-crenation- the shrinking of cells
Describe the different carrier-mediated transport mechanisms that are used
by cells. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-Facilitated diffusion
-Primary active transport
-Secondary active transport
what is the difference between positive and negative feedback? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔A positive feedback loop causes a self-amplifying cycle
where a physiological change leads to even greater change in the same
direction. A negative feedback loop is a process in which the body senses
a change, and activates mechanisms to reverse that change.
What is the basement membrane and where is it found? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Under the epithelial cells
What are some intercellular connections associated with epithelial cells? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔2. specialized cell junctions
a. gap junctions
b. tight junctions (occluding junction)
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, -prevent material from crossing skin or mucous membranes
c. desmosomes (maculae adherens)
1) spot (button) desmosomes
2) hemidesmosomes
What is the naming system/classification system for epithelial cells? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔number of layers/shape of cells
What kind of mechanisms/modes of secretion, and types of secretions are
characteristic of exocrine glands? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1) apocrine secretion
- part of cell breaks off releasing cytoplasm and secretion
-mammary glands
2) holocrine secretion
-cell fills with secretory product then bursts
- sebaceous (oil) glands
3) merocrine secretion
(cell,tissue,skin,bone) 2025 Expert
Verified | Ace the Test
State the different means by which ions and molecules get into and out of
cells. List factors that facilitate movement of ions or molecules across
plasma membranes and factors that inhibit movement across plasma
membranes. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔From channels (leak or gated)
-chemically gated channels
-voltage gated channels
-mechanically gated channels
,Depends on the permeability of the plasma membrane (lipid solubility or
not), size and charge of ion or molecule, and concentration gradient.
What is diffusion and what factors affect diffusion? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to low
-the movement occurs until the concentration gradient is eliminated
-molecules continue to move after the concentration gradient is eliminated
but there's no movement in any certain direction
What is osmosis? How does the tonicity of solutes affect the shape of
cells? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔diffusion of water across selectively permeable
membrane in response to solute differences
isosmotic - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔contains the same number of solutes
hyperosmotic - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔one of the solutions has more solutes
hypoosmotic - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔one of the solutions has less solutes
isotonic - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔there is no net gain or loss of water
hypotonic - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔there is a gain of water into the cells
-hemolysis- the bursting of cells
,hypertonic - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔there is a net water flow out of cells
-crenation- the shrinking of cells
Describe the different carrier-mediated transport mechanisms that are used
by cells. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-Facilitated diffusion
-Primary active transport
-Secondary active transport
what is the difference between positive and negative feedback? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔A positive feedback loop causes a self-amplifying cycle
where a physiological change leads to even greater change in the same
direction. A negative feedback loop is a process in which the body senses
a change, and activates mechanisms to reverse that change.
What is the basement membrane and where is it found? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Under the epithelial cells
What are some intercellular connections associated with epithelial cells? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔2. specialized cell junctions
a. gap junctions
b. tight junctions (occluding junction)
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, -prevent material from crossing skin or mucous membranes
c. desmosomes (maculae adherens)
1) spot (button) desmosomes
2) hemidesmosomes
What is the naming system/classification system for epithelial cells? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔number of layers/shape of cells
What kind of mechanisms/modes of secretion, and types of secretions are
characteristic of exocrine glands? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1) apocrine secretion
- part of cell breaks off releasing cytoplasm and secretion
-mammary glands
2) holocrine secretion
-cell fills with secretory product then bursts
- sebaceous (oil) glands
3) merocrine secretion
