Test Bank - Pilbeam’s Mechanical Ventilation-Physiological and Clinical Applications, 7th Edition (Cairo, 2020), Chapter 1-23 | All Chapters

,Chapter 1; Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation
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Test Bank
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MULTIPLE CHOICE /f




1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of
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the lungs is known as which of the following?
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a. External respiration / f



b. Internal respiration /f



c. Spontaneous ventilation / f



d. Mechanical ventilation /f /f




ANS: C /f


The conduction of air in and out of the body is known
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as ventilation. Since the question asks for the body’s
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mechanism, this would be spontaneous ventilation.
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External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen (O2)
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and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the
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pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the
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cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from the
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systemic blood into the cells.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 /f




2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
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a. Red blood cells and body / f / f / f / f


cells / f



b. Scalenes and trapezius /f /f


muscles /f



c. Alveoli and pulmonary /f /f


capillaries /f



d. External oblique and /f /f


transverse abdominal / f


muscles / f




ANS: C /f


External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and
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carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the
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pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the
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cellular level and involves movement of oxygen from the
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systemic blood into the cells.
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Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of
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inspiration. External oblique and transverse abdominal
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muscles are accessory muscles of expiration.
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, DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 /f




3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during
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normal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the
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following?
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a.
b.
c.
d.


ANS: B /f


During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure
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drops from about -5 cm H2O at end-expiration to
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about -10 cm H2O at end-inspiration. The graph
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depicted for answer B shows that change from -5 cm
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H2O to -10 cm H2O.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 4 /f




4. During / f spontaneous / f inspiration / f alveolar / f pressure / f (PA) / f is / f about:
.
a. - 1 cm H2O
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b. +1cm H2O
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f /
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c. 0 cm H2O
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d. 5 cm H2O
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ANS: A /f


-1 cm H2O is
/ f / f / f / f the lowest alveolar pressure will become
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during normal
/ f /f / f spontaneous ventilation. During the / f / f / f


exhalation of
/ f / f / f a normal spontaneous breath the alveolar
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pressure will
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+1 cm H2O.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 /f




5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is
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known as which of the following?
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a. Transairway pressure (PTA ) /f /f /f



b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) / f / f



c. Transrespiratory pressure / f


(PTR) / f

, d. Transpulmonary /f /f pressure /f /f (PL)


ANS: D /f


The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the
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pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway
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pressure (PTA
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) is the pressure gradient required to produce airflow in
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the conducting tubes. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the
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pressure to inflate the lungs and airways during positive
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pressure ventilation. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) represents
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the pressure required to expand or contract the lungs
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and the chest wall at the same time.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 /f




6. Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway
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resistance during positive pressure ventilation when the
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proximal airway pressure (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the
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alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cm H2O.
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a. 7 cm H2O /f /f



b. 30 cm H2O /f /f



c. 40 cm H2O /f /f



d. 175 cm H2O /f /f




ANS: B /f


The transairway pressure (PTA) is used to calculate the
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pressure required to overcome airway resistance during
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mechanical ventilation. This formula is PTA = Paw- PA.
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DIF: 2 REF: pg. 3 /f




7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to
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return to its original form after being stretched or acted
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on by an outside force is which of the following?
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a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance /f



d. Distending pressure /f