NASM CPT Final Exam Questions and Answers | Latest Version | 2025/2026 | Correct & Verified

NASM CPT Final Exam Questions and Answers | Latest Version | 2025/2026 | Correct & Verified What is the primary role of osteoblasts in bone tissue? They synthesize and secrete new bone matrix to increase bone density. Which muscle fiber type is most responsible for explosive power movements such as sprinting or jumping? Type IIx fast-twitch fibers. What anatomical structure allows a muscle to attach to bone? A tendon composed primarily of dense connective tissue. What is the functional unit of a muscle fiber responsible for contraction? The sarcomere. Which plane of motion divides the body into left and right halves? The sagittal plane. What joint classification best describes the knee? A hinge synovial joint. 2 Which mineral is most essential for proper muscle contraction and nerve signaling? Calcium. What protein is primarily responsible for muscle contraction through cross-bridge formation? Myosin. What type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of internal organs such as the intestines? Smooth muscle. Which component of the nervous system controls voluntary skeletal muscle movement? The somatic nervous system. What is the primary function of red blood cells during exercise? Transporting oxygen to working muscles. Which muscle action occurs when a muscle shortens while producing force? Concentric contraction. What anatomical term describes movement that decreases the angle at a joint? Flexion. Which energy system provides immediate energy for very short, high-intensity efforts? 3 The ATP-PC energy system. What connective tissue surrounds individual muscle fibers? Endomysium. Which type of joint allows the greatest range of motion in the human body? Ball-and-socket joint. What structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity? The diaphragm. What blood vessel type carries oxygenated blood away from the heart? Arteries. What is the primary role of mitochondria in muscle cells? Producing ATP through aerobic metabolism. Which muscle group is primarily responsible for hip extension? The gluteus maximus. What anatomical term refers to the front of the body? Anterior. 4 Which type of lever system is most common in the human body? Third-class levers. What is the primary function of the synovial fluid in joints? Reducing friction and nourishing cartilage. Which component of the skeletal system protects internal organs such as the heart and lungs? The rib cage. What is the main role of the cerebellum in movement? Coordinating balance, posture, and motor control. Which muscle action occurs when force is produced while the muscle lengthens? Eccentric contraction. What structure connects muscle to muscle? Fascia. Which vitamin is crucial for calcium absorption and bone health? Vitamin D. 5 What is the primary purpose of the lymphatic system in relation to exercise recovery? Removing metabolic waste and supporting immune function. Which muscle is the prime mover during elbow flexion? The biceps brachii. What term describes the ability of a muscle to be stretched? Extensibility. Which joint movement occurs when the sole of the foot turns inward? Inversion. What is the function of hemoglobin in the blood? Binding and transporting oxygen molecules. Which muscle fiber type has the highest resistance to fatigue? Type I slow-twitch fibers. What is the primary anatomical function of cartilage? Providing cushioning and reducing friction at joints. Which nervous system division controls involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate? 6 The autonomic nervous system. What structure transmits nerve impulses to muscle fibers? The neuromuscular junction. What is the main function of the transverse abdominis? Stabilizing the spine and increasing intra-abdominal pressure. Which plane of motion divides the body into upper and lower halves? The transverse plane. What bone is commonly known as the collarbone? The clavicle. What is the primary role of electrolytes during muscular activity? Facilitating nerve signaling and muscle contraction. Which muscle group is primarily responsible for knee extension? The quadriceps. What anatomical term refers to movement away from the midline of the body? Abduction. 7 Which structure within the muscle cell stores calcium ions for contraction? The sarcoplasmic reticulum. What is the main function of ligaments? Connecting bone to bone and stabilizing joints. Which part of the spine absorbs shock during movement? The intervertebral discs. What is the primary function of the respiratory system during exercise? Delivering oxygen and removing carbon dioxide. Which muscle assists in shoulder abduction after the initial movement? The deltoid. What term describes the ability of a muscle to return to its resting length after stretching? Elasticity. What is the main purpose of the periosteum surrounding bones? Supporting bone growth, repair, and nutrient delivery. 8 Which muscle group is most active during plantarflexion of the ankle? The gastrocnemius and soleus. What anatomical structure protects the spinal cord? The vertebral column. Medial the midline of the body distal further away from the midline of the body proximal closer to the midline of the body ipsilateral on the same side of the body contralateral on the opposite side of the body inferior below the midline superior above the midline anterior front of the body