TEXAS STR Certification Exam Questions
and Answers fully solved 2025 updated A+
Comprehensible Input
The part of a language that is understood by listeners when
learning a second language
Language Acquisition vs. Language Learning
Acquiring language through subconscious processes vs. learning
a language through direct instruction.
Receptive Language
The ability to understand words and language
Phonology
The study of sounds, their patterns and meanings and the way
they combine to form words and language.
Semantics
The study of meaning in words, phrases, sentences, or text
Repetition and Practice
A teaching strategy that helps bring skill knowledge from
conscious to subconscious.
Oral Language Rehearsal
A strategy that gives students the opportunity to 'write aloud'
before they begin a written language assignment; provides time
for them to rehearse how written forms differ from spoken forms
Language Systems
Interdependent structures or systems that support the language
foundation necessary for reading
Orthographic Mapping
The process of matching letters and letter sequences with sounds
in a word, and storing those words for future use; necessary for
,spelling, pronouncing words correctly, and developing sight words
and vocabulary.
Frontal Lobe
Area of the brain that 1) supports phonological processing system
(enables us to pronounce and
articulate words); 2) controls planning and decision making
Temporal Lobe
Area of the brain that 1) supports phonological processing
(processes sound and connects
printed letters to sounds); 2) connects spoken words with
meaning
Occipital Lobe
Area of the brain responsible for 1) recognizing print, punctuation,
diacritical marks, or spaces in print; 2) houses the Visual Word
Form Area (VWFA) - "Brain's Letterbox".
Planum Temporale
Area of the brain where phonological and orthographic processing
systems meet; connects phonemes (sounds) with graphemes
(printed letters).
Visual Word-Form Area/Brain's Letterbox
A small area of the brain that visually processes print (the curves,
squiggles, and lines that are combined into letter shapes)
Four-Part Processing Model for Word Recognition
A four-part process that explains how children recognize words
Lexicon
The brain's dictionary of word meanings
Phonological Processing System
Supports perception, memory, and production of sounds in
language
Orthographic Processing System
Perceives and processes print
, Semantic Processing System
Connects words with their meaning
Context Processing System
Interacts with and supports the meaning processor; provides a
frame of reference to interpret the meanings of words.
Grapheme
A unit of writing that represents a phoneme. Graphemes can be a
single letter (such as "t") or a combination of letters (such as
"ch").
Scarborough's Reading Rope
A model used to explain how fluent reading develops; states that
3 word recognition strands and 5 language comprehension
strands must be fully developed before they are woven together
to achieve accurate, fluent, and automatic word recognition.
Outcome-Based Assessment
A type of summative assessment designed to show student
mastery of learning after instruction; may be standardized (i.e.
STAAR) or interim (i.e. benchmarks in Fall, Winter, Spring)
Screening Measures
Assessments used to identify students at risk of failing and to
identify students who may need additional diagnostic assessment.
Progress-Monitoring Assessments
A type of formative assessment given during instruction so
teachers can monitor students' understanding of specific learning
objectives and adjust instruction if necessary.
Diagnostic Assessments
Assessments used to identify deficits in specific concepts or skills.
Benchmark Assessments
A type of outcome assessment used to evaluate students against
grade-level specific standards and learning goals.
Norm-Referenced Assessment
and Answers fully solved 2025 updated A+
Comprehensible Input
The part of a language that is understood by listeners when
learning a second language
Language Acquisition vs. Language Learning
Acquiring language through subconscious processes vs. learning
a language through direct instruction.
Receptive Language
The ability to understand words and language
Phonology
The study of sounds, their patterns and meanings and the way
they combine to form words and language.
Semantics
The study of meaning in words, phrases, sentences, or text
Repetition and Practice
A teaching strategy that helps bring skill knowledge from
conscious to subconscious.
Oral Language Rehearsal
A strategy that gives students the opportunity to 'write aloud'
before they begin a written language assignment; provides time
for them to rehearse how written forms differ from spoken forms
Language Systems
Interdependent structures or systems that support the language
foundation necessary for reading
Orthographic Mapping
The process of matching letters and letter sequences with sounds
in a word, and storing those words for future use; necessary for
,spelling, pronouncing words correctly, and developing sight words
and vocabulary.
Frontal Lobe
Area of the brain that 1) supports phonological processing system
(enables us to pronounce and
articulate words); 2) controls planning and decision making
Temporal Lobe
Area of the brain that 1) supports phonological processing
(processes sound and connects
printed letters to sounds); 2) connects spoken words with
meaning
Occipital Lobe
Area of the brain responsible for 1) recognizing print, punctuation,
diacritical marks, or spaces in print; 2) houses the Visual Word
Form Area (VWFA) - "Brain's Letterbox".
Planum Temporale
Area of the brain where phonological and orthographic processing
systems meet; connects phonemes (sounds) with graphemes
(printed letters).
Visual Word-Form Area/Brain's Letterbox
A small area of the brain that visually processes print (the curves,
squiggles, and lines that are combined into letter shapes)
Four-Part Processing Model for Word Recognition
A four-part process that explains how children recognize words
Lexicon
The brain's dictionary of word meanings
Phonological Processing System
Supports perception, memory, and production of sounds in
language
Orthographic Processing System
Perceives and processes print
, Semantic Processing System
Connects words with their meaning
Context Processing System
Interacts with and supports the meaning processor; provides a
frame of reference to interpret the meanings of words.
Grapheme
A unit of writing that represents a phoneme. Graphemes can be a
single letter (such as "t") or a combination of letters (such as
"ch").
Scarborough's Reading Rope
A model used to explain how fluent reading develops; states that
3 word recognition strands and 5 language comprehension
strands must be fully developed before they are woven together
to achieve accurate, fluent, and automatic word recognition.
Outcome-Based Assessment
A type of summative assessment designed to show student
mastery of learning after instruction; may be standardized (i.e.
STAAR) or interim (i.e. benchmarks in Fall, Winter, Spring)
Screening Measures
Assessments used to identify students at risk of failing and to
identify students who may need additional diagnostic assessment.
Progress-Monitoring Assessments
A type of formative assessment given during instruction so
teachers can monitor students' understanding of specific learning
objectives and adjust instruction if necessary.
Diagnostic Assessments
Assessments used to identify deficits in specific concepts or skills.
Benchmark Assessments
A type of outcome assessment used to evaluate students against
grade-level specific standards and learning goals.
Norm-Referenced Assessment
