MGT 302 Exam 2 Study Guide
Questions with Actual Detailed
Answers 2025-2026 Updated.
Culture - Answer a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and
that when taken together constitute a design for living
Values - Answer ideas about what a group believes to be good, right, and desirable
Attitudes - Answer beliefs/feelings/behaviors toward an object
Norms - Answer Social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular
situations
Folkways - Answer routine conventions of everyday life
Mores - Answer norms seen as central to the functioning of a society and to its social life
cultural determinism - Answer overwhelming majority of human behaviors are driven by
cultural programming
Enculturation - Answer - how you come to learn particular rules of your culture
The Iceberg Model of Culture - Answer "Overt culture" above the waterline- language, dress,
behaviors, habits, food. (Surface)
"covert culture" below the waterline- values, norms, beliefs, attitudes, assumptions (unspoken
rules and
unconscious rules)
Ethnocentrism - Answer Behavior that is based on the belief in the superiority of one's own
ethnic group or culture; often shows disregard or contempt for the culture of other countries
Cultural Distance - Answer measure of the degree of differences between two cultures
,Cultural Frameworks - Answer are tools for measuring cultural distance, the degree of
difference between two cultures.
•Can provide a best first guess for how to interact with someone from a different culture.
•Should be viewed as a compass rather than a detailed topographical map.
Hofstede's Value Survey Model - Answer •Power Distance - the society's tolerance for
inequalities
•Individualism versus Collectivism - the relationship between the individual and his/her fellows
•Uncertainty Avoidance - the extent to which a culture accepts ambiguous situations and
tolerates uncertainty
•Masculinity versus Femininity - the degree to which people in a culture espouse traditional
Western gender roles
•Time Orientation / Confucian Dynamism - attitudes toward time, persistence and respect for
tradition
Strengths:
•Number of countries involved.
•Size of sample.
•Results replicated in later research.
Weaknesses:
•Used average responses for each country rather than individual responses.
•Survey was not designed to test culture.
•Assumed a one-to-one correspondence between culture and nation-state.
•Potential cultural biases of researchers.
•Data based on a single industry and a single firm.
Data is becoming dated
Phases of Cultural Adjustment - Answer Honeymoon
Culture Shock
Adjustment
Mastery
, •Practical Training
Parent-Country - Answer the country in which an organization's headquarters is located
•Advantages
-Familiar with corporate culture
-Loyal to the firm
-Effective communication with headquarters
•Disadvantages
-Expensive
-Face cultural learning curve
-Unfamiliar with foreign environment
Host-Country - Answer A country (other than the parent country) in which an organization
operates a facility
•Advantages
-Familiar with local culture and competitive environment
-Good for public relations and morale
•Disadvantages
-Not familiar with corporate culture
-May face communication challenges
-May lack certain technical skills
-Loyalty may be to country not to company
Third-Country Nationals - Answer natives of a country other than the home country or the
host country of an overseas subsidiary
•Advantages
-Have broad international experience
Questions with Actual Detailed
Answers 2025-2026 Updated.
Culture - Answer a system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and
that when taken together constitute a design for living
Values - Answer ideas about what a group believes to be good, right, and desirable
Attitudes - Answer beliefs/feelings/behaviors toward an object
Norms - Answer Social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular
situations
Folkways - Answer routine conventions of everyday life
Mores - Answer norms seen as central to the functioning of a society and to its social life
cultural determinism - Answer overwhelming majority of human behaviors are driven by
cultural programming
Enculturation - Answer - how you come to learn particular rules of your culture
The Iceberg Model of Culture - Answer "Overt culture" above the waterline- language, dress,
behaviors, habits, food. (Surface)
"covert culture" below the waterline- values, norms, beliefs, attitudes, assumptions (unspoken
rules and
unconscious rules)
Ethnocentrism - Answer Behavior that is based on the belief in the superiority of one's own
ethnic group or culture; often shows disregard or contempt for the culture of other countries
Cultural Distance - Answer measure of the degree of differences between two cultures
,Cultural Frameworks - Answer are tools for measuring cultural distance, the degree of
difference between two cultures.
•Can provide a best first guess for how to interact with someone from a different culture.
•Should be viewed as a compass rather than a detailed topographical map.
Hofstede's Value Survey Model - Answer •Power Distance - the society's tolerance for
inequalities
•Individualism versus Collectivism - the relationship between the individual and his/her fellows
•Uncertainty Avoidance - the extent to which a culture accepts ambiguous situations and
tolerates uncertainty
•Masculinity versus Femininity - the degree to which people in a culture espouse traditional
Western gender roles
•Time Orientation / Confucian Dynamism - attitudes toward time, persistence and respect for
tradition
Strengths:
•Number of countries involved.
•Size of sample.
•Results replicated in later research.
Weaknesses:
•Used average responses for each country rather than individual responses.
•Survey was not designed to test culture.
•Assumed a one-to-one correspondence between culture and nation-state.
•Potential cultural biases of researchers.
•Data based on a single industry and a single firm.
Data is becoming dated
Phases of Cultural Adjustment - Answer Honeymoon
Culture Shock
Adjustment
Mastery
, •Practical Training
Parent-Country - Answer the country in which an organization's headquarters is located
•Advantages
-Familiar with corporate culture
-Loyal to the firm
-Effective communication with headquarters
•Disadvantages
-Expensive
-Face cultural learning curve
-Unfamiliar with foreign environment
Host-Country - Answer A country (other than the parent country) in which an organization
operates a facility
•Advantages
-Familiar with local culture and competitive environment
-Good for public relations and morale
•Disadvantages
-Not familiar with corporate culture
-May face communication challenges
-May lack certain technical skills
-Loyalty may be to country not to company
Third-Country Nationals - Answer natives of a country other than the home country or the
host country of an overseas subsidiary
•Advantages
-Have broad international experience
