BIO 106 Pathophysiology – Questions With Reviewed
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Terms in this set (265)
Apoptosis Programmed death of individual cells in response to events
such as embryo development or irreparable DNA damage
p53 A tumor suppressor protein that senses irreparable DNA
damage and signals to the cell to undergo apoptosis
Abscess A structure filled with a yellow-white mixture of dead human
and bacterial cells and dead human tissue made during an
inflammatory immune response
A type of liquefactive necrosis
Necrosis The premature death of many cells caused by a traumatic
event
Leads to an inflammatory immune response
Coagulation Necrosis A type of necrosis caused by oxygen deprivation in which the
dead cells retain their shape
Tissue looks like a gel
Hydropic Degeneration Cell swelling due to excessive water influx following an injury
Can be caused by a lack of ATP, which prevents a sodium-
potassium pump from working and moves sodium (and water)
into the cell
Hyperplasia An increase in cell number, caused by a growth stimulus like a
hormone, that can also result in tissue or organ enlargement
Liquefaction Necrosis A type of necrosis which can be caused by an inflammatory
immune response in which the dead cells do not retain their
shape
Tissue looks like a liquid
,Rhabdomyolysis A condition in which injured skeletal muscles release large
amounts of myoglobin, which is toxic to the kidneys and can
lead to kidney failure and death
Endotoxins Bacterial toxins that are released from the bacterial cell wall
upon their death, possibly causing increased illness following
the administration of antibiotics to an infected individual
Water-Soluble Vitamins Vitamins that, when in excess, easily leave the body through
the urine and rarely cause cellular injury
Ex.: vitamin B, vitamin C
Caseous Necrosis A type of necrosis caused by prolonged trauma to the tissue
Tissue looks like cottage cheese
Lysosomal Storage Disorders Genetic disorders caused by the improper accumulation of
molecules in a lysosome due to lysosomal dysfunction
Ex.: Mannosidosis, Tay-Sachs disease
Hypertrophy An increase in cell size (not cell number), caused by an
increase in the number of cell organelles, that can also result
in tissue or organ enlargement
Occurs during weightlifting
Lipofuscin A fat-based pigment that sometimes remains following the
breakdown of cellular membranes by the lysosome
Accumulation can cause dysfunction of tissues and organs,
especially in the CNS and eyes
Arachidonic Acid A fatty acid involved in acute immune responses that is
released by cell membranes in response to cell injury, cell
death, and normal metabolic processes
Histamine A chemical released during an inflammatory response that is
increased permeability of blood vessels, allowing white blood
cells to enter the site of an infection
Types of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Antihistamines (reduces histamine release)
Antipyretics (reduces fever)
NSAIDs (prevents production of some inflammatory
mediators)
Glucocorticoids (prevents arachidonic acid release)
Pyrexia Also known as fever
Important for killing foreign invaders and speeding up
chemical reactions that can help protect the body
Cytokines Chemicals released by white blood cells during an
inflammatory response that are used to recruit other white
blood cells to the site of an infection
, Reactive Oxygen Species Free radicals derived from oxygen that are released by
inflammatory cells during an inflammatory response
Can cause DNA damage in prolonged inflammatory
responses
Cachexia A disorder caused by prolonged release of tumor necrosis
factor alpha that leads to loss of body fat and muscle tissue
Graves' Disease A type of autoimmune disease in which the body makes
antibodies specific to a hormone receptor on the thyroid
gland, causing hyperthyroidism
Myasthenia Gravis A type of autoimmune disease in which the body makes
antibodies specific to neuromuscular junction receptors,
causing problems with muscle contractions
Chronic Inflammation A long-term or recurring inflammatory response caused by
inflammatory mediator release over a long period of time
Inflammation The name given to the redness, pain, heat, swelling, and
possible loss of function that occurs in response to a harmful
agent
Acute Inflammation A short-term inflammatory response that occurs in response
to stimulus, such as a foreign toxin entering the body
Anaphylactic Shock Occurs when the body severely overreacts to a harmful
substance, leading to excessive cytokines and histamine
release and failures of the respiratory and cardiovascular
systems
Tumor Suppressor Gene This gene works by inducing apoptosis in damaged cells or
preventing damaged cells from reproducing through mitosis
Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) A substance found in high quantities in the bodily fluids and
tissues of those with liver cancer and other liver problems
Promotion The second stage of cancer formation in which damaged cells
reproduce through mitosis following some type of stimulation
Initiation The first stage of cancer formation in which there is
irreversible DNA damage
Paraneoplastic Syndrome A systemic disorder caused by cancer cells that is
independent of their location. For example, a cancer cell
might release a compound that is toxic to the body
Carcinogen A substance that leads to cancer formation
Ex. radiation, viral infections, poisons, toxins, and lifestyle
choices (diet; drug, alcohol, and tobacco use)
Carcinoma in situ This describes a group of malignant cells that remain and
reproduce in a superficial tissue layer without spreading into
deep layers or throughout the body
Solutions
Save
Students also studied
Sherpath: Diabetes Mellitus Chapter 21 Test Case Study 4 (Short
30 terms 24 terms 22 terms
jesssbee Preview kenanderson2017 Preview Brittany182
Terms in this set (265)
Apoptosis Programmed death of individual cells in response to events
such as embryo development or irreparable DNA damage
p53 A tumor suppressor protein that senses irreparable DNA
damage and signals to the cell to undergo apoptosis
Abscess A structure filled with a yellow-white mixture of dead human
and bacterial cells and dead human tissue made during an
inflammatory immune response
A type of liquefactive necrosis
Necrosis The premature death of many cells caused by a traumatic
event
Leads to an inflammatory immune response
Coagulation Necrosis A type of necrosis caused by oxygen deprivation in which the
dead cells retain their shape
Tissue looks like a gel
Hydropic Degeneration Cell swelling due to excessive water influx following an injury
Can be caused by a lack of ATP, which prevents a sodium-
potassium pump from working and moves sodium (and water)
into the cell
Hyperplasia An increase in cell number, caused by a growth stimulus like a
hormone, that can also result in tissue or organ enlargement
Liquefaction Necrosis A type of necrosis which can be caused by an inflammatory
immune response in which the dead cells do not retain their
shape
Tissue looks like a liquid
,Rhabdomyolysis A condition in which injured skeletal muscles release large
amounts of myoglobin, which is toxic to the kidneys and can
lead to kidney failure and death
Endotoxins Bacterial toxins that are released from the bacterial cell wall
upon their death, possibly causing increased illness following
the administration of antibiotics to an infected individual
Water-Soluble Vitamins Vitamins that, when in excess, easily leave the body through
the urine and rarely cause cellular injury
Ex.: vitamin B, vitamin C
Caseous Necrosis A type of necrosis caused by prolonged trauma to the tissue
Tissue looks like cottage cheese
Lysosomal Storage Disorders Genetic disorders caused by the improper accumulation of
molecules in a lysosome due to lysosomal dysfunction
Ex.: Mannosidosis, Tay-Sachs disease
Hypertrophy An increase in cell size (not cell number), caused by an
increase in the number of cell organelles, that can also result
in tissue or organ enlargement
Occurs during weightlifting
Lipofuscin A fat-based pigment that sometimes remains following the
breakdown of cellular membranes by the lysosome
Accumulation can cause dysfunction of tissues and organs,
especially in the CNS and eyes
Arachidonic Acid A fatty acid involved in acute immune responses that is
released by cell membranes in response to cell injury, cell
death, and normal metabolic processes
Histamine A chemical released during an inflammatory response that is
increased permeability of blood vessels, allowing white blood
cells to enter the site of an infection
Types of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Antihistamines (reduces histamine release)
Antipyretics (reduces fever)
NSAIDs (prevents production of some inflammatory
mediators)
Glucocorticoids (prevents arachidonic acid release)
Pyrexia Also known as fever
Important for killing foreign invaders and speeding up
chemical reactions that can help protect the body
Cytokines Chemicals released by white blood cells during an
inflammatory response that are used to recruit other white
blood cells to the site of an infection
, Reactive Oxygen Species Free radicals derived from oxygen that are released by
inflammatory cells during an inflammatory response
Can cause DNA damage in prolonged inflammatory
responses
Cachexia A disorder caused by prolonged release of tumor necrosis
factor alpha that leads to loss of body fat and muscle tissue
Graves' Disease A type of autoimmune disease in which the body makes
antibodies specific to a hormone receptor on the thyroid
gland, causing hyperthyroidism
Myasthenia Gravis A type of autoimmune disease in which the body makes
antibodies specific to neuromuscular junction receptors,
causing problems with muscle contractions
Chronic Inflammation A long-term or recurring inflammatory response caused by
inflammatory mediator release over a long period of time
Inflammation The name given to the redness, pain, heat, swelling, and
possible loss of function that occurs in response to a harmful
agent
Acute Inflammation A short-term inflammatory response that occurs in response
to stimulus, such as a foreign toxin entering the body
Anaphylactic Shock Occurs when the body severely overreacts to a harmful
substance, leading to excessive cytokines and histamine
release and failures of the respiratory and cardiovascular
systems
Tumor Suppressor Gene This gene works by inducing apoptosis in damaged cells or
preventing damaged cells from reproducing through mitosis
Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) A substance found in high quantities in the bodily fluids and
tissues of those with liver cancer and other liver problems
Promotion The second stage of cancer formation in which damaged cells
reproduce through mitosis following some type of stimulation
Initiation The first stage of cancer formation in which there is
irreversible DNA damage
Paraneoplastic Syndrome A systemic disorder caused by cancer cells that is
independent of their location. For example, a cancer cell
might release a compound that is toxic to the body
Carcinogen A substance that leads to cancer formation
Ex. radiation, viral infections, poisons, toxins, and lifestyle
choices (diet; drug, alcohol, and tobacco use)
Carcinoma in situ This describes a group of malignant cells that remain and
reproduce in a superficial tissue layer without spreading into
deep layers or throughout the body
