Hypertension(100% Verified)
strategies to measure BP at home correct answers- calculated based on avg of 2 readings on 2
separate occasions
- Best readings: empty bladder, sitting w flat feet for 5 min, correct cuff size, arm at heart level,
waiting 1-2 min btwn measurements
- avoid: talking, laying down, drinking caffeine, exercising, or smoking within 30 min of
measuring; no finger/wrist monitors
stage of BP: < 120/80 correct answersnormal
stage of BP: 120-129/ < 80 correct answerselevated
stage of BP: SBP 130-139 or DBP 80-89 correct answersstage 1 HTN
stage of BP: SBP >/ 140 or DBP >/ 90 correct answersstage 2 HTN
give examples of drugs that can increase BP correct answersamphetamines/ADHD drugs
cocaine
decongestants
erythropoiesis-stimulating agents
immunosuppressants
NSAIDs
systemic steroids
xs alcohol
appetite suppressants
caffeine
herbals
oral contraceptives
certain oncology drugs
antidepressants
List natural products that may lower BP (not FDA recommended) correct answersfish oil
CoQ10
L-arginine
garlic
List the ACC/AHA recommended antiHTN classes correct answersCCBs (DHP)
ACEs/ARBs
Thiazides
What types of patients should be initiated on antiHTN therapy? correct answersstage 2 HTN
or
, stage 1 HTN + [CVD (stroke, HF, CHD) or ASCVD risk >/ 10% or does not meet BP goals after
6 months of lifestyle changes]
Preferred antiHTN classes for black patients correct answersCCBs (DHP)
Thiazides
Preferred antiHTN classes for CKD3 patients +/- albuminuria correct answersACEs/ARBs
When should patients be started on TWO antiHTN agents? correct answersif BP >/ 150/90 or >
20/10 above goal
when should antiHTN agents be started during pregnancy? correct answersSBP >/140
or DBP >/ 90
antiHTN agents of choice for pregnancy correct answerslabetalol
nifedipine ER
methyldopa
goal BP for pregnant patients correct answers120-139/80-89
definition of preeclampsia correct answerselevated BP and with proteinuria after week 20 of
pregnancy
risk factors for preeclampsia correct answerspre existing HTN, CKD, DM
prophylaxis for pregnant patients at risk of preeclampsia correct answersdaily low dose aspirin
after the first trimester
MOA of thiazides correct answersinhibit Na reabsorption in the DISTAL convoluted tubule of
the nephron
= incr excretion of Na, Cl, H2O, and K
contraindications to thiazides correct answershypersensitivity to sulfonamide-derived drugs
anuria
warnings for avoidance associated with thiazides correct answerssevere renal disease
progressive liver disease
SLE
gout
diabetes
transient myopia
acute angle-closure glaucoma
side effects of thiazides correct answersDecreased K/Mg/Na
Increased Ca/UA/LDL/TG/BG
photosensitivity
strategies to measure BP at home correct answers- calculated based on avg of 2 readings on 2
separate occasions
- Best readings: empty bladder, sitting w flat feet for 5 min, correct cuff size, arm at heart level,
waiting 1-2 min btwn measurements
- avoid: talking, laying down, drinking caffeine, exercising, or smoking within 30 min of
measuring; no finger/wrist monitors
stage of BP: < 120/80 correct answersnormal
stage of BP: 120-129/ < 80 correct answerselevated
stage of BP: SBP 130-139 or DBP 80-89 correct answersstage 1 HTN
stage of BP: SBP >/ 140 or DBP >/ 90 correct answersstage 2 HTN
give examples of drugs that can increase BP correct answersamphetamines/ADHD drugs
cocaine
decongestants
erythropoiesis-stimulating agents
immunosuppressants
NSAIDs
systemic steroids
xs alcohol
appetite suppressants
caffeine
herbals
oral contraceptives
certain oncology drugs
antidepressants
List natural products that may lower BP (not FDA recommended) correct answersfish oil
CoQ10
L-arginine
garlic
List the ACC/AHA recommended antiHTN classes correct answersCCBs (DHP)
ACEs/ARBs
Thiazides
What types of patients should be initiated on antiHTN therapy? correct answersstage 2 HTN
or
, stage 1 HTN + [CVD (stroke, HF, CHD) or ASCVD risk >/ 10% or does not meet BP goals after
6 months of lifestyle changes]
Preferred antiHTN classes for black patients correct answersCCBs (DHP)
Thiazides
Preferred antiHTN classes for CKD3 patients +/- albuminuria correct answersACEs/ARBs
When should patients be started on TWO antiHTN agents? correct answersif BP >/ 150/90 or >
20/10 above goal
when should antiHTN agents be started during pregnancy? correct answersSBP >/140
or DBP >/ 90
antiHTN agents of choice for pregnancy correct answerslabetalol
nifedipine ER
methyldopa
goal BP for pregnant patients correct answers120-139/80-89
definition of preeclampsia correct answerselevated BP and with proteinuria after week 20 of
pregnancy
risk factors for preeclampsia correct answerspre existing HTN, CKD, DM
prophylaxis for pregnant patients at risk of preeclampsia correct answersdaily low dose aspirin
after the first trimester
MOA of thiazides correct answersinhibit Na reabsorption in the DISTAL convoluted tubule of
the nephron
= incr excretion of Na, Cl, H2O, and K
contraindications to thiazides correct answershypersensitivity to sulfonamide-derived drugs
anuria
warnings for avoidance associated with thiazides correct answerssevere renal disease
progressive liver disease
SLE
gout
diabetes
transient myopia
acute angle-closure glaucoma
side effects of thiazides correct answersDecreased K/Mg/Na
Increased Ca/UA/LDL/TG/BG
photosensitivity
