Teacher certification Test for NT102
Questions and Answers
Phonological awareness - ANSWER-broad skill that includes identifying and
manipulating units of oral language - parts such as words, syllables, and onsets and
rimes. Children who have this are able to identify and make oral rhymes, can clap out
the number of syllables in a word, and can recognize words with the same initial sounds
like 'money' and 'mother.'
Onsets - ANSWER-is the consonant(s) before the vowel(s) in a syllable. Not all
syllables have this (it and and do not have this).
Rime - ANSWER-Also referred to word family. All the sounds (after the onset) from the
vowel to the end of the word. For example, in the word cat it is at. (The onset is c.)
Inflectional Suffixes - ANSWER-Word parts fixed to the end of root words that change
the form of the root word but not its part of speech, ex: possession, plurality, tense,
active or passive voice, state, comparison. ex: -ed, -es, -ing, -s
Suffixes - ANSWER-are affixed after a base word or word stem to add information. For
example, with the word "prehistoric," the prefix is "pre-" meaning "before," the base
word is "history" meaning "recorded events and knowledge", and the suffix is "-ic"
meaning "relating to the science of."
Phonemic awareness - ANSWER-An exclusively oral language activity. It refers to the
understanding that spoken words are made up of individual sounds called phonemes.
Instruction in this should be viewed as an important element of a balanced reading
program in the early elementary grades.
Phonemes - ANSWER-The smallest units comprising spoken language. Combine to
form syllables and words. For example, the word 'mat' has three: /m/ /a/ /t/. There are
44 in the English language, including sounds represented by letter combinations such
as /th/.
Grapheme - ANSWER-The written representation of a phoneme.
Alphabetic principle - ANSWER-An understanding that letters and letter patterns
represent the sounds of spoken words.
Invented spelling - ANSWER-An attempt to spell a word based on a student's
knowledge of the spelling system and how it works (e.g., kt for cat).
, Phonics - ANSWER-is the understanding that there is a predictable relationship
between the letters (graphemes) of written language and the individual sounds
(phonemes) of spoken language.
Sight Words - ANSWER-The ability to recognize a word immediately without analysis.
Immediate need, high frequency of occurrence, does not follow phonics decoding
generalizations. Picture word association, key word approach are examples.
Mnemonic - ANSWER-(adj.) relating to or designed to assist the memory; (n.) a device
to aid the memory
Phonemic patterns - ANSWER-Words that have similar sounds.
Subskills View - ANSWER-An approach/ view to reading instruction that promotes
instruction of specific subskills of reading to a level of mastery. It is a direct instructor
approach where mastery of each subskill is believed to lead to literacy. It is a bottom-up,
part to whole approach.
Top-down processing - ANSWER-- is the idea that the concepts in print are dealt with in
complete units with separate isolated concepts pulled from the complete unit.
Bottom-up processing - ANSWER-- is the idea that isolated concepts are dealt with first
then put together to get to the major ideas contained in the print.
Intrinsic motivation - ANSWER-is owned by the student, it comes from a desire or goal
within the student.
Extrinsic motivation - ANSWER-is supplied by an "other" such as a parent or teacher.
Stickers and other rewards are examples.
Four components of a lesson plan - ANSWER-Objectives, Resources/Materials,
Introduction/Anticipatory Set, Procedures/Learning Activities (Modeling, Guided
practice, independent practice), Evaluation
Four models of instruction - ANSWER-Knowledge Transmitter Model/Direct Instruction
(Didactic, expository or traditional style), Inquiry Model, Interpersonal Model, Teaching
for Understanding: often uses multiple models, methods & strategies
Recall question - ANSWER-- taps knowledge often held in short term memory
Application question - ANSWER-requires a deeper level or higher level of
understanding of the concepts to apply the knowledge to a new situation or problem.
Questions and Answers
Phonological awareness - ANSWER-broad skill that includes identifying and
manipulating units of oral language - parts such as words, syllables, and onsets and
rimes. Children who have this are able to identify and make oral rhymes, can clap out
the number of syllables in a word, and can recognize words with the same initial sounds
like 'money' and 'mother.'
Onsets - ANSWER-is the consonant(s) before the vowel(s) in a syllable. Not all
syllables have this (it and and do not have this).
Rime - ANSWER-Also referred to word family. All the sounds (after the onset) from the
vowel to the end of the word. For example, in the word cat it is at. (The onset is c.)
Inflectional Suffixes - ANSWER-Word parts fixed to the end of root words that change
the form of the root word but not its part of speech, ex: possession, plurality, tense,
active or passive voice, state, comparison. ex: -ed, -es, -ing, -s
Suffixes - ANSWER-are affixed after a base word or word stem to add information. For
example, with the word "prehistoric," the prefix is "pre-" meaning "before," the base
word is "history" meaning "recorded events and knowledge", and the suffix is "-ic"
meaning "relating to the science of."
Phonemic awareness - ANSWER-An exclusively oral language activity. It refers to the
understanding that spoken words are made up of individual sounds called phonemes.
Instruction in this should be viewed as an important element of a balanced reading
program in the early elementary grades.
Phonemes - ANSWER-The smallest units comprising spoken language. Combine to
form syllables and words. For example, the word 'mat' has three: /m/ /a/ /t/. There are
44 in the English language, including sounds represented by letter combinations such
as /th/.
Grapheme - ANSWER-The written representation of a phoneme.
Alphabetic principle - ANSWER-An understanding that letters and letter patterns
represent the sounds of spoken words.
Invented spelling - ANSWER-An attempt to spell a word based on a student's
knowledge of the spelling system and how it works (e.g., kt for cat).
, Phonics - ANSWER-is the understanding that there is a predictable relationship
between the letters (graphemes) of written language and the individual sounds
(phonemes) of spoken language.
Sight Words - ANSWER-The ability to recognize a word immediately without analysis.
Immediate need, high frequency of occurrence, does not follow phonics decoding
generalizations. Picture word association, key word approach are examples.
Mnemonic - ANSWER-(adj.) relating to or designed to assist the memory; (n.) a device
to aid the memory
Phonemic patterns - ANSWER-Words that have similar sounds.
Subskills View - ANSWER-An approach/ view to reading instruction that promotes
instruction of specific subskills of reading to a level of mastery. It is a direct instructor
approach where mastery of each subskill is believed to lead to literacy. It is a bottom-up,
part to whole approach.
Top-down processing - ANSWER-- is the idea that the concepts in print are dealt with in
complete units with separate isolated concepts pulled from the complete unit.
Bottom-up processing - ANSWER-- is the idea that isolated concepts are dealt with first
then put together to get to the major ideas contained in the print.
Intrinsic motivation - ANSWER-is owned by the student, it comes from a desire or goal
within the student.
Extrinsic motivation - ANSWER-is supplied by an "other" such as a parent or teacher.
Stickers and other rewards are examples.
Four components of a lesson plan - ANSWER-Objectives, Resources/Materials,
Introduction/Anticipatory Set, Procedures/Learning Activities (Modeling, Guided
practice, independent practice), Evaluation
Four models of instruction - ANSWER-Knowledge Transmitter Model/Direct Instruction
(Didactic, expository or traditional style), Inquiry Model, Interpersonal Model, Teaching
for Understanding: often uses multiple models, methods & strategies
Recall question - ANSWER-- taps knowledge often held in short term memory
Application question - ANSWER-requires a deeper level or higher level of
understanding of the concepts to apply the knowledge to a new situation or problem.
