PHARM 1 FINAL EXAM – NAGELHOUT
EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY WELL
DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY
GRADED A+ 2025 – 2026
What anti-emetic inhibits ACh receptors in the CTZ? -
ANSWERS-Scopalamine - motion sickness
What anti-emetic(s) inhibits Dopamine receptors in the CTZ?
- ANSWERS-Metoclopramide, Compazine
Which gaba-mimetic drug class has mild anti-emetic
properties? - ANSWERS-Benzodiazepines - Ativan
How do glucocorticoids produce an anti-emetic effect? What
is an adverse effect of them? - ANSWERS-They likely work
,by reducing serotonin. An adverse effect is increasing blood
glucose.
What is an adverse effect of Zofran? - ANSWERS-Prolonged
QT interval - like Droperidol but no black box warning
How do Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonists produce an anti-
emetic effect? (Aprepritant) - ANSWERS-Suppress activity in
the brainstem
How is Narcan given in the OR? - ANSWERS-Diluted in 3cc of
saline from 0.4mg/ml to 0.1mg/ml, given in 1ml increments
Are opiates used in pregnancy? Do they cross the placental
barrier? - ANSWERS-Yes, and yes, but effect will not be
sustained.
Are opiates used in children? Why? - ANSWERS-Yes, but
avoided when possible due to their increased risk of
respiratory depression.
What patients should NOT have codeine or Tramadol? -
ANSWERS-Breastfeeding moms, children <12
,What are the symptoms of Serotonin syndrome? -
ANSWERS-Mental status changes. Hyperthermia. Sweating.
Tachycardia. Tremor. Muscle Rigidity. Clonus. Hyperreflexia
What drugs can cause serotonin syndrome alone or in
combination with other drugs? - ANSWERS-MAOIs, SSRIs,
SNRIs, Tricyclic AntiDepressants
How do NSAIDs work? - ANSWERS-They interfere with the
conversion of arachidonic acid to COX-1/COX-2, therefore
prostaglandins and thromboxane A2 are not produced,
which leads to decreased pain, inflammation, and fever
Which NSAID is COX-2 specific and therefore does not put
the patient at risk for GI bleeding? - ANSWERS-Celecoxib
(Celebrex)
How do NSAID effect bone and wound healing? - ANSWERS-
They slow it down!
What are the 3 IV non-opiate analgesics? - ANSWERS-
Acetaminophen (ofirmev)
, Ibuprofen (Caldolor)
Ketorolac (Toradol)
What is the maximum daily dose of Acetaminophen?
Ibuprofen? - ANSWERS-4000mg/ 3200 mg
Why should NSAIDs be avoided in asthma patients? -
ANSWERS-Because there is a certain type of asthma that is
triggered by NSAIDS
Why should NSAIDs be avoided in patients with renal
failure? - ANSWERS-Because prostaglandins are required for
renal function
Do COX 2 inhibitors inhibit platelet aggregation? -
ANSWERS-No
Pharmacoepidemiology - ANSWERS-the study of the use
and effects of drugs on large groups of people
What are the 2 types of ligands? - ANSWERS-Agonists and
Antagonists
EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY WELL
DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY
GRADED A+ 2025 – 2026
What anti-emetic inhibits ACh receptors in the CTZ? -
ANSWERS-Scopalamine - motion sickness
What anti-emetic(s) inhibits Dopamine receptors in the CTZ?
- ANSWERS-Metoclopramide, Compazine
Which gaba-mimetic drug class has mild anti-emetic
properties? - ANSWERS-Benzodiazepines - Ativan
How do glucocorticoids produce an anti-emetic effect? What
is an adverse effect of them? - ANSWERS-They likely work
,by reducing serotonin. An adverse effect is increasing blood
glucose.
What is an adverse effect of Zofran? - ANSWERS-Prolonged
QT interval - like Droperidol but no black box warning
How do Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonists produce an anti-
emetic effect? (Aprepritant) - ANSWERS-Suppress activity in
the brainstem
How is Narcan given in the OR? - ANSWERS-Diluted in 3cc of
saline from 0.4mg/ml to 0.1mg/ml, given in 1ml increments
Are opiates used in pregnancy? Do they cross the placental
barrier? - ANSWERS-Yes, and yes, but effect will not be
sustained.
Are opiates used in children? Why? - ANSWERS-Yes, but
avoided when possible due to their increased risk of
respiratory depression.
What patients should NOT have codeine or Tramadol? -
ANSWERS-Breastfeeding moms, children <12
,What are the symptoms of Serotonin syndrome? -
ANSWERS-Mental status changes. Hyperthermia. Sweating.
Tachycardia. Tremor. Muscle Rigidity. Clonus. Hyperreflexia
What drugs can cause serotonin syndrome alone or in
combination with other drugs? - ANSWERS-MAOIs, SSRIs,
SNRIs, Tricyclic AntiDepressants
How do NSAIDs work? - ANSWERS-They interfere with the
conversion of arachidonic acid to COX-1/COX-2, therefore
prostaglandins and thromboxane A2 are not produced,
which leads to decreased pain, inflammation, and fever
Which NSAID is COX-2 specific and therefore does not put
the patient at risk for GI bleeding? - ANSWERS-Celecoxib
(Celebrex)
How do NSAID effect bone and wound healing? - ANSWERS-
They slow it down!
What are the 3 IV non-opiate analgesics? - ANSWERS-
Acetaminophen (ofirmev)
, Ibuprofen (Caldolor)
Ketorolac (Toradol)
What is the maximum daily dose of Acetaminophen?
Ibuprofen? - ANSWERS-4000mg/ 3200 mg
Why should NSAIDs be avoided in asthma patients? -
ANSWERS-Because there is a certain type of asthma that is
triggered by NSAIDS
Why should NSAIDs be avoided in patients with renal
failure? - ANSWERS-Because prostaglandins are required for
renal function
Do COX 2 inhibitors inhibit platelet aggregation? -
ANSWERS-No
Pharmacoepidemiology - ANSWERS-the study of the use
and effects of drugs on large groups of people
What are the 2 types of ligands? - ANSWERS-Agonists and
Antagonists
