,Test Bank & Solution
Manual
For
Leadership Theory and
Practice
Ninth Edition
By
Peter G. Northouse
,Contents
Chapter 01 Test Bank - Easy ...................................................................................................................... 12
1 Using Kotter’s functions of management and leadership model to support your argument, would you
rather your direct supervisor be a leader or a manager? Use Kotter’s model as a reference to the specifics
of each.................................................................................................................................................... 30
Chapter 01 Test Bank - Medium................................................................................................................. 32
15 Explain how leadership can have different meanings for different people. Describe examples of how
two leaders (real or imaginary) might express different understandings of leadership in their positions..... 36
Sample response: There are two facets to this answer: First, social identity theory suggests that emergence
is tied to a person’s fit with the identity of the group as a whole. If a minority person does not fit the
racial/ethnic/gender profile of the majority, then he or she should identify other dimensions of the group
identity with which he or she does fit, such as political ideology or group mission, and highlight those
when seeking leadership. Second, research on emergent leadership identifies some positive
communication behaviors associated with leader emergence. Coaches should help individuals practice
speaking up in meetings, being well informed, being good listeners and seeking out others’ ideas,
initiating new ideas, and being firm but not rigid..................................................................................... 37
46 How do the Big Five personality factors relate to the five central leadership traits identified in the
text? 63
Chapter 03 Test Bank - Easy ...................................................................................................................... 67
16 Imagine you work as the director of environmental health and safety at a mid-sized grocery store
chain. You have been tasked with creating a plan to reduce work-related injuries. What problem-solving
skills would you use to address this problem? Describe how you might use those problem-solving skills in
this situation. .......................................................................................................................................... 78
Sample response: Students can name any of the following problem-solving skills: problem definition
(identifying places and situations where work-related injuries are likely to occur); cause/goal analysis
(how to get employees to change and what that might look like); constraint analysis (identifying the
limitations that may prevent implementing a particular plan); planning (creating a plan of action);
forecasting (anticipating what ................................................................................................................. 78
Sample response: Social judgment and social skills involve the ability to understand people and social
systems. Leaders use these skills to work with others and to generate employee support for implementing
changes within an organization. These competences include perspective taking (e.g., understanding and
being sensitive to others’ wants and needs), social perceptiveness (e.g., understanding what’s important to
others and what motivates them), and social performance (e.g., the ability to communicate a vision to
others and persuade them to work towards organizational goals). ............................................................ 79
Chapter 03 Test Bank - Medium................................................................................................................. 82
44 Identify the three skills Katz claims are critical to successful leadership and explain how each of
these skills is used at various levels of management. ............................................................................... 92
Sample response: The two main models in the skills approach are Katz’s three skill approach and
Mumford et al.’s skills model. Similarities include the competencies in Mumford’s model and the three
skills in Katz’s model. Knowledge is similar to technical skill, social judgment is similar to human skill,
and problem solving is similar to conceptual skill. Both models are focused on identifying skills of
leaders; however, Mumford et al.’s model attempted to assess leadership outcomes, whereas Katz’s model
did not have an assessment component. Additional differences include the addition of individual attributes,
career experiences, and environmental influences in Mumford et al.’s model. ......................................... 93
Sample response: General cognitive ability is a person’s intelligence, sometimes called fluid intelligence.
It is linked to biology and includes processing ability, general reasoning, and creative thinking ability. This
type of intelligence expands through early adulthood and then declines in older age. This type of
intelligence can help leaders acquire complex problem-solving skills and general knowledge. Crystallized
cognitive ability is a person’s store of knowledge acquired over time and is based .................................. 93
Sample response: Experiences acquired over a leader’s career influence their knowledge and skills to
solve complex problems. Leaders can gain this knowledge and skill via challenging job assignments,
mentoring, training, and hands-on experience. Researchers even suggest that on-the-job experience can
, impact individual attributes like motivation and cognitive ability. Considering Katz’s three skill model,
leaders gain more and more experience with conceptual skills over the course of a career, and these are the
skills assumed to be more important as a leader rises in levels of management and as problems become
increasingly complex as leaders climb the organizational hierarchy. Ultimately, the skills approach to
leadership supports the notion that leaders are shaped by their experiences. ............................................. 94
Chapter 04 Test Bank - Easy ...................................................................................................................... 96
18 Imagine you are the supervisor for a team of six people working on a documentary film project. How
might you use task and relationship behaviors to help your team achieve its goal of filming the
documentary? ....................................................................................................................................... 108
Sample response: Student answers will vary regarding the types of task and relationship behaviors they
might use. An example answer might include a discussion about using task behaviors to set a timeline for
completing filming, defining the roles of each team member, and organizing the various job duties for each
member (e.g., script writer, camera operator, film editor, etc.). Relationship behaviors can include creating
a comfortable and safe work environment, building camaraderie, and ensuring that followers are treated
respectfully while on the job. ................................................................................................................ 108
Sample response: Student answers will vary but should include elements of the definition of the country-
club management style as a leader who scores a 1,9 (low concern for production, high concern for people)
on the Leadership Grid. Country-club leaders pay thoughtful attention to the needs of followers, making
sure that followers feel comfortable with themselves and others. In order for a leader to become more of a
team manager (9,9), leaders should raise their concern for .................................................................... 108
Chapter 04 Test Bank - Medium............................................................................................................... 112
40 What are the two types of leader behaviors identified in the behavioral approach? Explain how these
leader behaviors fulfill the central purpose of the behavioral approach. ................................................. 122
Sample response: Researchers studying the behavioral approach have identified two types of leader
behaviors: task behaviors and relationship behaviors. Task behaviors are used to accomplish organizational
goals. Leaders use these behaviors to help group members achieve their objectives. Relationship behaviors
are used to help followers feel comfortable with themselves and others. Leaders use these behaviors to
help group members work together cooperatively and comfortably. The central purpose of the behavioral
approach is to explain how leaders use both task and relationship behaviors to influence their followers to
reach goals. .......................................................................................................................................... 122
Sample response: Middle-of-the-road leadership scores a 5,5 on the Leadership Grid and refers to leaders
who have a balanced concern for both production and people. These leaders are compromisers who
balance taking people’s needs into account, yet still emphasize organizational goals. An ideal situation for
when a middle-of-the-road style is preferred would be one in which a goal/result is required in an efficient
manner, and there are high standards for follower satisfaction. The middle- of-the-road leader is expedient
and prefers a ......................................................................................................................................... 123
Sample response: Opportunistic leadership uses any combination of the five basic leadership styles. Some
people see opportunistic leaders as ruthless and self- motivated. Others, however, may see opportunistic
leaders as flexible and adaptable. What makes this flexibility opportunistic is that the styles are used for
personal advancement. Students can then argue the pros and cons of seeking personal advancement. Is it at
the expense of the group or in addition to meeting the needs of the group? If the latter, how transparent are
the leader's motives? Do group members believe that by doing a good job for the group, the leader is also
trying to impress their boss and hoping to advance? Or, is the leader secretly using the group for their own
purposes? When opportunistic leaders are highly motivated to advance their own goals, this can be
advantageous in the sense that this type of leader is motivated to accomplish the organization’s goals, even
as they are advancing their own. ........................................................................................................... 124
Chapter 05 Test Bank - Easy .................................................................................................................... 126
Sample response: According to the situational approach, leadership is comprised of directive and
supportive behaviors. Leaders use directive behaviors to help followers accomplish goals. Leaders use
supportive behaviors to help followers feel comfortable with themselves, others, and the tasks they are
assigned. An example of how a leader might use directive behaviors include a sales manager in charge of
a sales team giving directions, establishing goals, setting timelines, establishing work methods, defining
roles, and showing the followers how to successfully accomplish tasks related to achieving sales goals. An
example of supportive behaviors in this scenario may include asking for input, praising followers when
Manual
For
Leadership Theory and
Practice
Ninth Edition
By
Peter G. Northouse
,Contents
Chapter 01 Test Bank - Easy ...................................................................................................................... 12
1 Using Kotter’s functions of management and leadership model to support your argument, would you
rather your direct supervisor be a leader or a manager? Use Kotter’s model as a reference to the specifics
of each.................................................................................................................................................... 30
Chapter 01 Test Bank - Medium................................................................................................................. 32
15 Explain how leadership can have different meanings for different people. Describe examples of how
two leaders (real or imaginary) might express different understandings of leadership in their positions..... 36
Sample response: There are two facets to this answer: First, social identity theory suggests that emergence
is tied to a person’s fit with the identity of the group as a whole. If a minority person does not fit the
racial/ethnic/gender profile of the majority, then he or she should identify other dimensions of the group
identity with which he or she does fit, such as political ideology or group mission, and highlight those
when seeking leadership. Second, research on emergent leadership identifies some positive
communication behaviors associated with leader emergence. Coaches should help individuals practice
speaking up in meetings, being well informed, being good listeners and seeking out others’ ideas,
initiating new ideas, and being firm but not rigid..................................................................................... 37
46 How do the Big Five personality factors relate to the five central leadership traits identified in the
text? 63
Chapter 03 Test Bank - Easy ...................................................................................................................... 67
16 Imagine you work as the director of environmental health and safety at a mid-sized grocery store
chain. You have been tasked with creating a plan to reduce work-related injuries. What problem-solving
skills would you use to address this problem? Describe how you might use those problem-solving skills in
this situation. .......................................................................................................................................... 78
Sample response: Students can name any of the following problem-solving skills: problem definition
(identifying places and situations where work-related injuries are likely to occur); cause/goal analysis
(how to get employees to change and what that might look like); constraint analysis (identifying the
limitations that may prevent implementing a particular plan); planning (creating a plan of action);
forecasting (anticipating what ................................................................................................................. 78
Sample response: Social judgment and social skills involve the ability to understand people and social
systems. Leaders use these skills to work with others and to generate employee support for implementing
changes within an organization. These competences include perspective taking (e.g., understanding and
being sensitive to others’ wants and needs), social perceptiveness (e.g., understanding what’s important to
others and what motivates them), and social performance (e.g., the ability to communicate a vision to
others and persuade them to work towards organizational goals). ............................................................ 79
Chapter 03 Test Bank - Medium................................................................................................................. 82
44 Identify the three skills Katz claims are critical to successful leadership and explain how each of
these skills is used at various levels of management. ............................................................................... 92
Sample response: The two main models in the skills approach are Katz’s three skill approach and
Mumford et al.’s skills model. Similarities include the competencies in Mumford’s model and the three
skills in Katz’s model. Knowledge is similar to technical skill, social judgment is similar to human skill,
and problem solving is similar to conceptual skill. Both models are focused on identifying skills of
leaders; however, Mumford et al.’s model attempted to assess leadership outcomes, whereas Katz’s model
did not have an assessment component. Additional differences include the addition of individual attributes,
career experiences, and environmental influences in Mumford et al.’s model. ......................................... 93
Sample response: General cognitive ability is a person’s intelligence, sometimes called fluid intelligence.
It is linked to biology and includes processing ability, general reasoning, and creative thinking ability. This
type of intelligence expands through early adulthood and then declines in older age. This type of
intelligence can help leaders acquire complex problem-solving skills and general knowledge. Crystallized
cognitive ability is a person’s store of knowledge acquired over time and is based .................................. 93
Sample response: Experiences acquired over a leader’s career influence their knowledge and skills to
solve complex problems. Leaders can gain this knowledge and skill via challenging job assignments,
mentoring, training, and hands-on experience. Researchers even suggest that on-the-job experience can
, impact individual attributes like motivation and cognitive ability. Considering Katz’s three skill model,
leaders gain more and more experience with conceptual skills over the course of a career, and these are the
skills assumed to be more important as a leader rises in levels of management and as problems become
increasingly complex as leaders climb the organizational hierarchy. Ultimately, the skills approach to
leadership supports the notion that leaders are shaped by their experiences. ............................................. 94
Chapter 04 Test Bank - Easy ...................................................................................................................... 96
18 Imagine you are the supervisor for a team of six people working on a documentary film project. How
might you use task and relationship behaviors to help your team achieve its goal of filming the
documentary? ....................................................................................................................................... 108
Sample response: Student answers will vary regarding the types of task and relationship behaviors they
might use. An example answer might include a discussion about using task behaviors to set a timeline for
completing filming, defining the roles of each team member, and organizing the various job duties for each
member (e.g., script writer, camera operator, film editor, etc.). Relationship behaviors can include creating
a comfortable and safe work environment, building camaraderie, and ensuring that followers are treated
respectfully while on the job. ................................................................................................................ 108
Sample response: Student answers will vary but should include elements of the definition of the country-
club management style as a leader who scores a 1,9 (low concern for production, high concern for people)
on the Leadership Grid. Country-club leaders pay thoughtful attention to the needs of followers, making
sure that followers feel comfortable with themselves and others. In order for a leader to become more of a
team manager (9,9), leaders should raise their concern for .................................................................... 108
Chapter 04 Test Bank - Medium............................................................................................................... 112
40 What are the two types of leader behaviors identified in the behavioral approach? Explain how these
leader behaviors fulfill the central purpose of the behavioral approach. ................................................. 122
Sample response: Researchers studying the behavioral approach have identified two types of leader
behaviors: task behaviors and relationship behaviors. Task behaviors are used to accomplish organizational
goals. Leaders use these behaviors to help group members achieve their objectives. Relationship behaviors
are used to help followers feel comfortable with themselves and others. Leaders use these behaviors to
help group members work together cooperatively and comfortably. The central purpose of the behavioral
approach is to explain how leaders use both task and relationship behaviors to influence their followers to
reach goals. .......................................................................................................................................... 122
Sample response: Middle-of-the-road leadership scores a 5,5 on the Leadership Grid and refers to leaders
who have a balanced concern for both production and people. These leaders are compromisers who
balance taking people’s needs into account, yet still emphasize organizational goals. An ideal situation for
when a middle-of-the-road style is preferred would be one in which a goal/result is required in an efficient
manner, and there are high standards for follower satisfaction. The middle- of-the-road leader is expedient
and prefers a ......................................................................................................................................... 123
Sample response: Opportunistic leadership uses any combination of the five basic leadership styles. Some
people see opportunistic leaders as ruthless and self- motivated. Others, however, may see opportunistic
leaders as flexible and adaptable. What makes this flexibility opportunistic is that the styles are used for
personal advancement. Students can then argue the pros and cons of seeking personal advancement. Is it at
the expense of the group or in addition to meeting the needs of the group? If the latter, how transparent are
the leader's motives? Do group members believe that by doing a good job for the group, the leader is also
trying to impress their boss and hoping to advance? Or, is the leader secretly using the group for their own
purposes? When opportunistic leaders are highly motivated to advance their own goals, this can be
advantageous in the sense that this type of leader is motivated to accomplish the organization’s goals, even
as they are advancing their own. ........................................................................................................... 124
Chapter 05 Test Bank - Easy .................................................................................................................... 126
Sample response: According to the situational approach, leadership is comprised of directive and
supportive behaviors. Leaders use directive behaviors to help followers accomplish goals. Leaders use
supportive behaviors to help followers feel comfortable with themselves, others, and the tasks they are
assigned. An example of how a leader might use directive behaviors include a sales manager in charge of
a sales team giving directions, establishing goals, setting timelines, establishing work methods, defining
roles, and showing the followers how to successfully accomplish tasks related to achieving sales goals. An
example of supportive behaviors in this scenario may include asking for input, praising followers when
