Test Bank for Introduction to Biotechnology
(What's New in Biology) 4th. Edition
5 steps of scientific method - answer-1. observation
2. question
3. hypothesis
4. experiment
5. conclusion
observation - answer-act of viewing the world around us
question - answer-made based off of an observation
hypothesis - answer-a tentative explanation for an observation
controlled experiment - answer-- test several groups
- introduce a single variable per treatment
- keep conditions as similar as possible from one group to the next
which axis is the independent variable found on a graph? - answer-x-axis
,dependent variable - answer-effect that is being measured
(ex. test score)
which axis is the dependent variable found on a graph? - answer-y-axis
theory of evolution - answer-set of hypotheses that provide a powerful
explanation for both biological observations & the diversity of life
why do we learn that the theory of evolution is the single most important theory
in all of biology? - answer-there's lots of evidence from asking/testing good
scientific questions
(ex. anatomy, fossil record, biogeography, molecular biology)
7 ways living organisms are different from non-living organisms - answer-1.
organization - complex organization
2. response - ability to change in response to the environment
3. reproduction - ability to reproduce
4. evolution - capacity to evolve
5. metabolism - chemical rxns that sustain life
6. homeostasis - maintenance of stable internal environment
7. growth - regulated growth/cell division
1st law of thermodynamics - answer-energy can neither be created nor
destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form into another
, how does the 1st law of thermodynamics apply to living organisms? - answer--
living organisms transform energy from sunlight --> chemical energy
- cells convert energy by expending it & giving off heat as a by product
2nd law of thermodynamics - answer-the amount of entropy in the universe is
constantly increasing
entropy - answer-amount of disorder in a system
disorder - answer-# of states that a system can take on
how does temperature affect entropy? - answer-higher temp --> molecules move
faster --> more entropy
how does the 2nd law of thermodynamics apply to living organisms? - answer--
living organisms are highly organized (takes a lot of energy to maintain
organization)
- cell is highly organized
- cells give off energy as heat --> movement of molecules in surrounding
environment increases --> entropy of entire system increases
does a dog or bucket of water have more entropy? - answer-bucket of water - less
organized, more disorder
how did the scientific method demonstrate that living organisms come from other
living organisms? - answer-belief of spontaneous generation --> refuted by Redi's
(What's New in Biology) 4th. Edition
5 steps of scientific method - answer-1. observation
2. question
3. hypothesis
4. experiment
5. conclusion
observation - answer-act of viewing the world around us
question - answer-made based off of an observation
hypothesis - answer-a tentative explanation for an observation
controlled experiment - answer-- test several groups
- introduce a single variable per treatment
- keep conditions as similar as possible from one group to the next
which axis is the independent variable found on a graph? - answer-x-axis
,dependent variable - answer-effect that is being measured
(ex. test score)
which axis is the dependent variable found on a graph? - answer-y-axis
theory of evolution - answer-set of hypotheses that provide a powerful
explanation for both biological observations & the diversity of life
why do we learn that the theory of evolution is the single most important theory
in all of biology? - answer-there's lots of evidence from asking/testing good
scientific questions
(ex. anatomy, fossil record, biogeography, molecular biology)
7 ways living organisms are different from non-living organisms - answer-1.
organization - complex organization
2. response - ability to change in response to the environment
3. reproduction - ability to reproduce
4. evolution - capacity to evolve
5. metabolism - chemical rxns that sustain life
6. homeostasis - maintenance of stable internal environment
7. growth - regulated growth/cell division
1st law of thermodynamics - answer-energy can neither be created nor
destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form into another
, how does the 1st law of thermodynamics apply to living organisms? - answer--
living organisms transform energy from sunlight --> chemical energy
- cells convert energy by expending it & giving off heat as a by product
2nd law of thermodynamics - answer-the amount of entropy in the universe is
constantly increasing
entropy - answer-amount of disorder in a system
disorder - answer-# of states that a system can take on
how does temperature affect entropy? - answer-higher temp --> molecules move
faster --> more entropy
how does the 2nd law of thermodynamics apply to living organisms? - answer--
living organisms are highly organized (takes a lot of energy to maintain
organization)
- cell is highly organized
- cells give off energy as heat --> movement of molecules in surrounding
environment increases --> entropy of entire system increases
does a dog or bucket of water have more entropy? - answer-bucket of water - less
organized, more disorder
how did the scientific method demonstrate that living organisms come from other
living organisms? - answer-belief of spontaneous generation --> refuted by Redi's
