NUR 211 FINAL EXAM STUDY AND PRACTICE MATERIAL [2026/2027]-
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
1. Explain the correct way to palpate the breast. p. 359-361
Pt supine with arm over head
-
There are several different techniques to assess for lumps. It is important that the
nurse has a systematic search pattern to thoroughly assess each breast, the tail
of Spence, and axillary lymph nodes.
2 .Circular pattern for palpation
Starts by palpating the areola first and moving in a circular motion from the
areola to the outer perimeter of the breast
3. Radial spoke pattern for palpation
Also known as the wedge pattern, divides the breast into wedges; starts at the
periphery of the breast and palpates toward the nipple
4. Vertical strip pattern for palpation
Starts at the sternum palpating up and down in straight lines toward the outer
perimeter of the breast, ending up in the axillary area
5. Describe the correct positioning for conducting a pap smear. p.363-364
Ask the patient to undress from the waist down, but tell her that she may leave
her socks on; provide a gown, draping, and privacy for the patient.
■ Tell the patient that she can sit at the end of the examination table until the
healthcare provider is ready to perform the assessment; the healthcare provider
will assist the patient into the lithotomy position.
When the healthcare provider is ready to begin, assist the patient into the
lithotomy position by having the patient move her buttocks down to the end of
the examination table; ask the patient to place the heels of her feet into the
stirrups; assist the patient as needed for comfort and safety. Provide a sheet over
her legs and knees for privacy until the assessment begins.
6.Explain the needed patient teaching to treat and prevent constipation
Eat a High fiber Diet, Eat fruits, veg and whole grains
Avoid high fat foods like meat, eggs and cheese (dairy)
Stay hydrated but avoid caffeine and alcohol (these will dehydrate you)
keep moving around and exercise
, If needed- stool softener or laxatives
Do not read or be on phone while on toilet
7. Discuss the causes of projectile vomiting in adults. p.247
Projectile vomiting without nausea is a sign of central stimulation of the medulla;
could be a sign of brain pathology or head trauma.
8.Identify the 3 organs located at the midline. p.251
Aorta
Uterus
Bladder
9.Describe how the jugular vein changes with congestive heart failure. p.272
Visible distention is a sign of venous pressure elevation, commonly seen in
congestive heart failure and fluid overload.
10.Identify where the brachial, carotid, femoral and tibial pulses are located and
palpated.
Brachial Pulse : Medial side of arm at the antecubital fossa space.
Carotid Pulse: between the trachea and sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Femoral Pulse:along the crease midway between the pubic bone and the anterior
iliac crest.
Tibial Pulse: behind and below the medial malleolus.
11.Explain the rationale for the elderly's noncompliance with prescribed
medicines.
Most cases (75%) of nonadherence among older adults are intentional due to cost
or side effects of drugs
12. Identify the sound of percussion of the abdomen when there is air, fluid, or a
hematoma present.
Air-hollow, fluid - thudding sound, hematoma - (there would be visual
representation)
13.Explain all the steps for starting any physical assessment on a patient. (Accept
the abdomen)
inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation
14. Explain the necessary teaching for male patients with a family history of
breast cancer.
most common presentation of male breast cancer is painless, palpable,
subareolar lump or mass. may also present as erythema of skin, scaling of the
nipple, or nipple discharge
15.List the health screenings recommended for male patients and their frequency.
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
1. Explain the correct way to palpate the breast. p. 359-361
Pt supine with arm over head
-
There are several different techniques to assess for lumps. It is important that the
nurse has a systematic search pattern to thoroughly assess each breast, the tail
of Spence, and axillary lymph nodes.
2 .Circular pattern for palpation
Starts by palpating the areola first and moving in a circular motion from the
areola to the outer perimeter of the breast
3. Radial spoke pattern for palpation
Also known as the wedge pattern, divides the breast into wedges; starts at the
periphery of the breast and palpates toward the nipple
4. Vertical strip pattern for palpation
Starts at the sternum palpating up and down in straight lines toward the outer
perimeter of the breast, ending up in the axillary area
5. Describe the correct positioning for conducting a pap smear. p.363-364
Ask the patient to undress from the waist down, but tell her that she may leave
her socks on; provide a gown, draping, and privacy for the patient.
■ Tell the patient that she can sit at the end of the examination table until the
healthcare provider is ready to perform the assessment; the healthcare provider
will assist the patient into the lithotomy position.
When the healthcare provider is ready to begin, assist the patient into the
lithotomy position by having the patient move her buttocks down to the end of
the examination table; ask the patient to place the heels of her feet into the
stirrups; assist the patient as needed for comfort and safety. Provide a sheet over
her legs and knees for privacy until the assessment begins.
6.Explain the needed patient teaching to treat and prevent constipation
Eat a High fiber Diet, Eat fruits, veg and whole grains
Avoid high fat foods like meat, eggs and cheese (dairy)
Stay hydrated but avoid caffeine and alcohol (these will dehydrate you)
keep moving around and exercise
, If needed- stool softener or laxatives
Do not read or be on phone while on toilet
7. Discuss the causes of projectile vomiting in adults. p.247
Projectile vomiting without nausea is a sign of central stimulation of the medulla;
could be a sign of brain pathology or head trauma.
8.Identify the 3 organs located at the midline. p.251
Aorta
Uterus
Bladder
9.Describe how the jugular vein changes with congestive heart failure. p.272
Visible distention is a sign of venous pressure elevation, commonly seen in
congestive heart failure and fluid overload.
10.Identify where the brachial, carotid, femoral and tibial pulses are located and
palpated.
Brachial Pulse : Medial side of arm at the antecubital fossa space.
Carotid Pulse: between the trachea and sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Femoral Pulse:along the crease midway between the pubic bone and the anterior
iliac crest.
Tibial Pulse: behind and below the medial malleolus.
11.Explain the rationale for the elderly's noncompliance with prescribed
medicines.
Most cases (75%) of nonadherence among older adults are intentional due to cost
or side effects of drugs
12. Identify the sound of percussion of the abdomen when there is air, fluid, or a
hematoma present.
Air-hollow, fluid - thudding sound, hematoma - (there would be visual
representation)
13.Explain all the steps for starting any physical assessment on a patient. (Accept
the abdomen)
inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation
14. Explain the necessary teaching for male patients with a family history of
breast cancer.
most common presentation of male breast cancer is painless, palpable,
subareolar lump or mass. may also present as erythema of skin, scaling of the
nipple, or nipple discharge
15.List the health screenings recommended for male patients and their frequency.
