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NURS 6512 MIDTERM EXAM LATEST/2025/2026 IT CONTAINS 150
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS|A+GRADE.
Congenital erythroid aplasia (Diamond-Black fan anemia) - ANSWER - a rare, inherited
blood disorder characterized by the bone marrow's inability to produce sufficient red blood
cells, leading to anemia.
presents at birth, can lead to cancer, 1/3 remit in 1st decade,
marrow transplant is only cure
How to determine what antibiotic to use - ANSWER - Culture and sensitivity: takes 1-3 days
for results
What type of antibiotic to use until c &s results - ANSWER - empiric antibiotic: educated
guess based on community broad spectrum.
CFU (colony forming units) - ANSWER - estimates # of bacteria in sample
What is the normal CFU cap in lab for reporting - ANSWER - 100,000 or 10^5
What is a sensitivity table - ANSWER - shows sensitivity to that bacteria or resistance
Urine dip test elevated leukocytes and nitrites - ANSWER - Leukocytes: kidney/urine
infection nitrite: UTI
Urine dip test elevated urobilinogen and bilirubin - ANSWER - possible liver damage for
both
Protein elevated on urine dip test - ANSWER - possible kidney disease
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PH elevated on urine dip test - ANSWER - urine acidity level issue due to food or kidney
disease
Blood found on urine dip test - ANSWER - could be menstrual, kidney or bladder disease
Specific gravity measures what - ANSWER - concentration of urine by kidneys found on
urine dip test remember glucose can elevate it
what test on urine dipstick are for diabetes - ANSWER - ketones and glucose and protein
remember ketones can show starvation or lowcarb diet
What is the most abundant cation in ECF - ANSWER - sodium
Sodium levels affect - ANSWER - plasma volume, ecf, ifc
Sodium levels controlled by - ANSWER - hormones, chemical controls, renal controls
Potassium affects - ANSWER - cardiac mainly, resting membrane potential in neurons and
muscle cells
Hyperkalemia in ECF - ANSWER - decreased RMP, depolarization of membrane, peaked
twaves
Hypokalemia - ANSWER - hyperpolarization, nonresponsive cardiac cells, depressed st,
bioplastic twave, affected wave
, 3 of 22
What controls potassium balance - ANSWER - cortical collecting ducts of kidneys with
most being lost in urine
What anion follows sodium in ECF - ANSWER - chloride
Normal pH of arterial blood - ANSWER - ph. of 7.4
Normal ph. - ANSWER - 7.0-7.45 (alkalemia >7.45) acidosis (<7.0)
3 ways hydrogen is regulated - ANSWER - chemical buffer system, brain stem, renal
mechanism
Corns - ANSWER - flat, slightly elevated, painful, smooth hard surface, pressure points
Calluses - ANSWER - thickened skin due to hyperkeratosis, weight bearing area of feet and
hands, not well demarcated, not tender
Striae - ANSWER - stretch marks
Melasma - ANSWER - increased pigmentation associated with pregnancy
Acanthosis nigricans - ANSWER - brown thickening of skin, axillae, neck, groin
Vitiligo - ANSWER - localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches
Nevi - ANSWER - moles, large variation
Normal: all one color, clearly defined borders, flat or smooth, less than <6mm
NURS 6512 MIDTERM EXAM LATEST/2025/2026 IT CONTAINS 150
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS|A+GRADE.
Congenital erythroid aplasia (Diamond-Black fan anemia) - ANSWER - a rare, inherited
blood disorder characterized by the bone marrow's inability to produce sufficient red blood
cells, leading to anemia.
presents at birth, can lead to cancer, 1/3 remit in 1st decade,
marrow transplant is only cure
How to determine what antibiotic to use - ANSWER - Culture and sensitivity: takes 1-3 days
for results
What type of antibiotic to use until c &s results - ANSWER - empiric antibiotic: educated
guess based on community broad spectrum.
CFU (colony forming units) - ANSWER - estimates # of bacteria in sample
What is the normal CFU cap in lab for reporting - ANSWER - 100,000 or 10^5
What is a sensitivity table - ANSWER - shows sensitivity to that bacteria or resistance
Urine dip test elevated leukocytes and nitrites - ANSWER - Leukocytes: kidney/urine
infection nitrite: UTI
Urine dip test elevated urobilinogen and bilirubin - ANSWER - possible liver damage for
both
Protein elevated on urine dip test - ANSWER - possible kidney disease
,2 of 22
PH elevated on urine dip test - ANSWER - urine acidity level issue due to food or kidney
disease
Blood found on urine dip test - ANSWER - could be menstrual, kidney or bladder disease
Specific gravity measures what - ANSWER - concentration of urine by kidneys found on
urine dip test remember glucose can elevate it
what test on urine dipstick are for diabetes - ANSWER - ketones and glucose and protein
remember ketones can show starvation or lowcarb diet
What is the most abundant cation in ECF - ANSWER - sodium
Sodium levels affect - ANSWER - plasma volume, ecf, ifc
Sodium levels controlled by - ANSWER - hormones, chemical controls, renal controls
Potassium affects - ANSWER - cardiac mainly, resting membrane potential in neurons and
muscle cells
Hyperkalemia in ECF - ANSWER - decreased RMP, depolarization of membrane, peaked
twaves
Hypokalemia - ANSWER - hyperpolarization, nonresponsive cardiac cells, depressed st,
bioplastic twave, affected wave
, 3 of 22
What controls potassium balance - ANSWER - cortical collecting ducts of kidneys with
most being lost in urine
What anion follows sodium in ECF - ANSWER - chloride
Normal pH of arterial blood - ANSWER - ph. of 7.4
Normal ph. - ANSWER - 7.0-7.45 (alkalemia >7.45) acidosis (<7.0)
3 ways hydrogen is regulated - ANSWER - chemical buffer system, brain stem, renal
mechanism
Corns - ANSWER - flat, slightly elevated, painful, smooth hard surface, pressure points
Calluses - ANSWER - thickened skin due to hyperkeratosis, weight bearing area of feet and
hands, not well demarcated, not tender
Striae - ANSWER - stretch marks
Melasma - ANSWER - increased pigmentation associated with pregnancy
Acanthosis nigricans - ANSWER - brown thickening of skin, axillae, neck, groin
Vitiligo - ANSWER - localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches
Nevi - ANSWER - moles, large variation
Normal: all one color, clearly defined borders, flat or smooth, less than <6mm
