Plumbing set 4 Exam Study Guide
Latest Updated Study Guide
2025/2026.
DMV - ansdranin, waste, and vent
pvc - anspolyvinyle chloride, mostly wastewater, a plastic, widely used for piping in both hot
and cold water system and it drainage systems especially where corrosion may be a problem.
cpvc - anschlorinate polyvinyl chloride
abs - ansacrylonitrile butadiene styrene, waste water venting
pe - anspolyethylene, exterior water services, not with sun light
cheater - ansan unsafe method of gaining extra leverage when using a tool
achievement - ansa thing done successfully, typically by effort courage, or skill "gain by
effect".
stud - ansa structual member typically used to frame walls, wood and aluminum
apprenticeship - ansa combination of on the job training and related classroom instruction
under the supervision of a journey - level craft person- to learn practical and theoretical
aspects of a high skilled occupation
pex - anscross linked polyethylene
cast iron pipe - ansoften used in residential waste-water systems because it is a much quieter
pipe for draining applications than plastic
galvanized and black steel pipe - ansuse for residential gas supply piping
brass pipe - ansuse for faucets,
copper k - ansunderground, thick walled
copper l - anscommercial, thin walled above ground
copper m - ansresidential, hard thin walled,indoor
potable water - ans
a.s.t.m - ansamerican society of testing and measurement an international standards
organizaion develops and publises voluntary consensus technical standards.
plug - ansbushion
cap - ansfemale bushion
coupling - ansrocord female female
victaulic - ansGrooved Pipe Joining Method
street - ansa type of offset fitting in which one end has the same outside diameter as a
connecting pipe or fitting
p trap - ansa dmv fitting having an water seal, which is installed at each fixture not having an
intergal trap to prevent sewer gases from escaping into an occupied area
Polypropylene pipe - ansIt doesn't get a lot of attention in the U.S., but PP has a 30-year
history in Europe, where it enjoys an unblemished record for durability and health safety. It's
a rigid plastic pipe, like CPVC, but it's not joined together with chemicals. Instead, heat is
used to melt the mating ends and fuse them permanently together.
solvent welding - ansa technique for joining plastic pipework in which a mixture of solvent
and cement is applied to the pipe end and to the socket with the parts then being joined and
allowed to set.
hose bibb - ansa device available in numerous designs to serve as a water distribution outlet;
has a garden hose connection; often called a sillcock. a male device
Tee - ansused to creae a branch lines
cap - ansused to terminate a section of pipe, a cap is a fitting that fits around the outside of a
pipe
,Plumbing set 4 Exam Study Guide
Latest Updated Study Guide
2025/2026.
coupling - ansused to connect two pieces of pipe having the same diameter
plug - ansuse to terminate a section of pipe, a plug is a fitting that screws into the inside of a
section of pipe
union - ansused to connect two pieces of pipe, while allowing for them to be disconnected
without being cut
reducer - ansto reduce a section of pipe to a smaller diameter
adapter - ansused to connect pipes of different sizes or materials together.
bushing - ansused to reduce a section of pipe like a reducer, but threads inside a fitting to
create the reduction.
aerator - ansremovable threaded housing for a screen attached to a faucet spout that creates a
uniform flow stream. many are available in a 0.5 gallon per minute(gpm) style to adhere to
water conservation objectives.
thermostat - ansa device used to control the temperature of water by controlling the heat
source
potable water - answater that is safe for human consumption
fittings - ansdevices used to connect pipes together in a plumbing system
valves - ansdevices used to control the flow of water, waste, gas, and so on
Spraying the water into the atmosphere through jets or passing it over rough surfaces to
remove entrained noxious gases such as carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide - ansAERATION
Addition of coagulants, such as ferrous sulfate and lime, to the water which cause the larger
suspended particles to form a gelatinous mass which precipitates readily. The precipitate is
gathered in large dumps and disposed of. - ansCOAGULATION and PRECIPITATION
Water is passed through layers of sand
and gravel in concrete basins in order to
remove the finer suspended particles. - ansFILTRATION
Water is passed through basins
so sediments can settle
through a period of time - ansSEDIMENTATION
Water is injected with hypo-chlorite or chlorine gas to kill
the harmful bacteria. - ansCHLORINATION
Types of wells - ansShallow and Deep Well
Similar to dug well, but constructed
using an auger driven in by hand or
with power tools . Seldom hand driven below 15 meters, but can reach 40+ meters with
power tools - ansBORED WELL
Use of extreme water pressure so as not to
affect existing foundations in the vicinity. Makes use of a suction pump above, while
casing acts as the pump riser. Used only where ground is relatively soft,
hence sometimes referred to as
"Sand-Point Wells". - ansJETTED WELL
Dug with a sharp pointed hollow
slotted iron rod and well screen. Depths are from 10-15 meters - ansDRIVEN WELL
Used for drilling oil . Can reach up to 1000 m - ansDRILLED WELL
2 Most Common Sources of Contamination: - ansSeptic Tank / leach fields
,Plumbing set 4 Exam Study Guide
Latest Updated Study Guide
2025/2026.
Livestock feedlots
Distance of Septic Tank/ leach field and live stock to avoid contamination of wells. - ansnot
less than 100 ft.
Water is sucked into a sealed vacuum by use of a piston Single Action (water is drawn
in with only 1 motion).
Double Action (water is drawn in with either stroke).
Duplex or Twin Piston Pump - ansPISTON PUMPS
Water is drawn into the pump & discharged with a centrifugal force - ansCENTRIFUGAL
PUMP
piston pumps that operate with controlled speed. The discharge
from a reciprocating pump is pulsating and changes only when
the speed of the pump is changed. Sometimes an air chamber is
introduced to regulate the pulsation. - ansRECIPROCATIONG PUMP
jet pumps are centrifugal pumps typically used for drawing water up
from a well. - ansJET PUMPS
Rotary pumps are piston pumps that make use of a pump driver
Rotary Pumps can discharge from 900 to 1200 GPM
Rotary Pumps are more efficient for viscous fluids - ansROTARY PUMP
Submersible Pumps are designed to be fully immersible within a tank or other media storage
receptacle.
Many common types of pumps can be designed by manufacturers to
be submersible - ansSubmersible Pump
are used in applications where excess water must be pumped away from a particular area.
Sump pumps, in general, is a category that encompasses a number of styles of pumps that are
used to pump out collected fluid - ansSump pumps
are centrifugal pumps used for large applications
because of their multiple impellers
Turbine Pumps can discharge up to 2000 GPM - ansTurbine Pumps
Does not have any pressure concerns
but relies on gravity to supply water to
fixtures below .
-Usually made of galvanized steel,
stainless steel, or reinforced concrete,
it can come in various shapes and sizes - ansOverhead Tank
Usually built of reinforced concrete
underground and connected with a pump - ansCISTERN
Used in the Air Pressure System. Often used with a pump. Also makes use of a pressure relief
valve, which relieves pressure automatically if necessary . - ansPNEUMATIC WATER
TANKS
Used mainly to completely close or
completely open the water line
(does not control flow of water). Best suited to the main supply and pump lines wherein
operation is infrequent . - ansGATE VALVE "aka-full way valve"
Used mainly to completely close or completely open the water line
, Plumbing set 4 Exam Study Guide
Latest Updated Study Guide
2025/2026.
(does not control flow of water)
Best suited to the main supply and
pump lines wherein operation is
infrequent - ansGATE VALVE
2 TYPES OF GATE VALVE - ansThe Wedge Shape or Tapered Disc
The Double Disc Valve
Main function is to prevent reversal
of flow (backflow) in the line - ansCHECK VALVE
4 TYPES OF CHECK VALVE - ansThe Swing Check Valve
The Lift Check Valve
Vertical Check Valve
Horizontal Check Valve
Operates in the same manner as
globe valve (disc & seat design)
Used to make a 90° turn in a line
Reduces number of joints - ansANGLE VALVE
Located at the lower end of the
pumps. Used mainly to prevent loss of
priming of the pumps a.k.a. 'Retention Valve' - ansFOOT VALVE
Used on water systems, heating
systems, compressed air lines &
other pipe lines with excessive
pressure - ansSafety Valve
Operates by the compression of a soft packing upon a metal sheet - ansCOMPRESSION
COCK
Operates with a round tapering plug ground to fit a metal sheet. 'Hose bibb"-has grooves fit
for a hose - ansKey Cock
Constructed with a ball connected to the handle - anskey cock
a knocking in the pipes caused when
faucets in the lower levels are shut off
abruptly or automatically the force exerted by the decelerating water causes the pipes to
shake and rattle - ansWater Hammer
the flowing back of used, contaminated or polluted water from a plumbing fixture or vessel
into a water supply pipe due to a
negative pressure in such pipe - ansBack Siphonage
the flow of water or other liquids, ,mixtures, or substances into the distributing pipes of a
potable supply of water to a tank, plumbing fixture, or other device and the flood level rim of
the receptacle. - ansBACK FLOW
Pipes expand and contract due to
continuous changes in temperature.
An air space should be provided to
allow for breathing room - ansExpansion / Contraction
Friction occurs when liquid flowing through the pipe makes contact with the pipe enclosures,
thus reducing the speed of
Latest Updated Study Guide
2025/2026.
DMV - ansdranin, waste, and vent
pvc - anspolyvinyle chloride, mostly wastewater, a plastic, widely used for piping in both hot
and cold water system and it drainage systems especially where corrosion may be a problem.
cpvc - anschlorinate polyvinyl chloride
abs - ansacrylonitrile butadiene styrene, waste water venting
pe - anspolyethylene, exterior water services, not with sun light
cheater - ansan unsafe method of gaining extra leverage when using a tool
achievement - ansa thing done successfully, typically by effort courage, or skill "gain by
effect".
stud - ansa structual member typically used to frame walls, wood and aluminum
apprenticeship - ansa combination of on the job training and related classroom instruction
under the supervision of a journey - level craft person- to learn practical and theoretical
aspects of a high skilled occupation
pex - anscross linked polyethylene
cast iron pipe - ansoften used in residential waste-water systems because it is a much quieter
pipe for draining applications than plastic
galvanized and black steel pipe - ansuse for residential gas supply piping
brass pipe - ansuse for faucets,
copper k - ansunderground, thick walled
copper l - anscommercial, thin walled above ground
copper m - ansresidential, hard thin walled,indoor
potable water - ans
a.s.t.m - ansamerican society of testing and measurement an international standards
organizaion develops and publises voluntary consensus technical standards.
plug - ansbushion
cap - ansfemale bushion
coupling - ansrocord female female
victaulic - ansGrooved Pipe Joining Method
street - ansa type of offset fitting in which one end has the same outside diameter as a
connecting pipe or fitting
p trap - ansa dmv fitting having an water seal, which is installed at each fixture not having an
intergal trap to prevent sewer gases from escaping into an occupied area
Polypropylene pipe - ansIt doesn't get a lot of attention in the U.S., but PP has a 30-year
history in Europe, where it enjoys an unblemished record for durability and health safety. It's
a rigid plastic pipe, like CPVC, but it's not joined together with chemicals. Instead, heat is
used to melt the mating ends and fuse them permanently together.
solvent welding - ansa technique for joining plastic pipework in which a mixture of solvent
and cement is applied to the pipe end and to the socket with the parts then being joined and
allowed to set.
hose bibb - ansa device available in numerous designs to serve as a water distribution outlet;
has a garden hose connection; often called a sillcock. a male device
Tee - ansused to creae a branch lines
cap - ansused to terminate a section of pipe, a cap is a fitting that fits around the outside of a
pipe
,Plumbing set 4 Exam Study Guide
Latest Updated Study Guide
2025/2026.
coupling - ansused to connect two pieces of pipe having the same diameter
plug - ansuse to terminate a section of pipe, a plug is a fitting that screws into the inside of a
section of pipe
union - ansused to connect two pieces of pipe, while allowing for them to be disconnected
without being cut
reducer - ansto reduce a section of pipe to a smaller diameter
adapter - ansused to connect pipes of different sizes or materials together.
bushing - ansused to reduce a section of pipe like a reducer, but threads inside a fitting to
create the reduction.
aerator - ansremovable threaded housing for a screen attached to a faucet spout that creates a
uniform flow stream. many are available in a 0.5 gallon per minute(gpm) style to adhere to
water conservation objectives.
thermostat - ansa device used to control the temperature of water by controlling the heat
source
potable water - answater that is safe for human consumption
fittings - ansdevices used to connect pipes together in a plumbing system
valves - ansdevices used to control the flow of water, waste, gas, and so on
Spraying the water into the atmosphere through jets or passing it over rough surfaces to
remove entrained noxious gases such as carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide - ansAERATION
Addition of coagulants, such as ferrous sulfate and lime, to the water which cause the larger
suspended particles to form a gelatinous mass which precipitates readily. The precipitate is
gathered in large dumps and disposed of. - ansCOAGULATION and PRECIPITATION
Water is passed through layers of sand
and gravel in concrete basins in order to
remove the finer suspended particles. - ansFILTRATION
Water is passed through basins
so sediments can settle
through a period of time - ansSEDIMENTATION
Water is injected with hypo-chlorite or chlorine gas to kill
the harmful bacteria. - ansCHLORINATION
Types of wells - ansShallow and Deep Well
Similar to dug well, but constructed
using an auger driven in by hand or
with power tools . Seldom hand driven below 15 meters, but can reach 40+ meters with
power tools - ansBORED WELL
Use of extreme water pressure so as not to
affect existing foundations in the vicinity. Makes use of a suction pump above, while
casing acts as the pump riser. Used only where ground is relatively soft,
hence sometimes referred to as
"Sand-Point Wells". - ansJETTED WELL
Dug with a sharp pointed hollow
slotted iron rod and well screen. Depths are from 10-15 meters - ansDRIVEN WELL
Used for drilling oil . Can reach up to 1000 m - ansDRILLED WELL
2 Most Common Sources of Contamination: - ansSeptic Tank / leach fields
,Plumbing set 4 Exam Study Guide
Latest Updated Study Guide
2025/2026.
Livestock feedlots
Distance of Septic Tank/ leach field and live stock to avoid contamination of wells. - ansnot
less than 100 ft.
Water is sucked into a sealed vacuum by use of a piston Single Action (water is drawn
in with only 1 motion).
Double Action (water is drawn in with either stroke).
Duplex or Twin Piston Pump - ansPISTON PUMPS
Water is drawn into the pump & discharged with a centrifugal force - ansCENTRIFUGAL
PUMP
piston pumps that operate with controlled speed. The discharge
from a reciprocating pump is pulsating and changes only when
the speed of the pump is changed. Sometimes an air chamber is
introduced to regulate the pulsation. - ansRECIPROCATIONG PUMP
jet pumps are centrifugal pumps typically used for drawing water up
from a well. - ansJET PUMPS
Rotary pumps are piston pumps that make use of a pump driver
Rotary Pumps can discharge from 900 to 1200 GPM
Rotary Pumps are more efficient for viscous fluids - ansROTARY PUMP
Submersible Pumps are designed to be fully immersible within a tank or other media storage
receptacle.
Many common types of pumps can be designed by manufacturers to
be submersible - ansSubmersible Pump
are used in applications where excess water must be pumped away from a particular area.
Sump pumps, in general, is a category that encompasses a number of styles of pumps that are
used to pump out collected fluid - ansSump pumps
are centrifugal pumps used for large applications
because of their multiple impellers
Turbine Pumps can discharge up to 2000 GPM - ansTurbine Pumps
Does not have any pressure concerns
but relies on gravity to supply water to
fixtures below .
-Usually made of galvanized steel,
stainless steel, or reinforced concrete,
it can come in various shapes and sizes - ansOverhead Tank
Usually built of reinforced concrete
underground and connected with a pump - ansCISTERN
Used in the Air Pressure System. Often used with a pump. Also makes use of a pressure relief
valve, which relieves pressure automatically if necessary . - ansPNEUMATIC WATER
TANKS
Used mainly to completely close or
completely open the water line
(does not control flow of water). Best suited to the main supply and pump lines wherein
operation is infrequent . - ansGATE VALVE "aka-full way valve"
Used mainly to completely close or completely open the water line
, Plumbing set 4 Exam Study Guide
Latest Updated Study Guide
2025/2026.
(does not control flow of water)
Best suited to the main supply and
pump lines wherein operation is
infrequent - ansGATE VALVE
2 TYPES OF GATE VALVE - ansThe Wedge Shape or Tapered Disc
The Double Disc Valve
Main function is to prevent reversal
of flow (backflow) in the line - ansCHECK VALVE
4 TYPES OF CHECK VALVE - ansThe Swing Check Valve
The Lift Check Valve
Vertical Check Valve
Horizontal Check Valve
Operates in the same manner as
globe valve (disc & seat design)
Used to make a 90° turn in a line
Reduces number of joints - ansANGLE VALVE
Located at the lower end of the
pumps. Used mainly to prevent loss of
priming of the pumps a.k.a. 'Retention Valve' - ansFOOT VALVE
Used on water systems, heating
systems, compressed air lines &
other pipe lines with excessive
pressure - ansSafety Valve
Operates by the compression of a soft packing upon a metal sheet - ansCOMPRESSION
COCK
Operates with a round tapering plug ground to fit a metal sheet. 'Hose bibb"-has grooves fit
for a hose - ansKey Cock
Constructed with a ball connected to the handle - anskey cock
a knocking in the pipes caused when
faucets in the lower levels are shut off
abruptly or automatically the force exerted by the decelerating water causes the pipes to
shake and rattle - ansWater Hammer
the flowing back of used, contaminated or polluted water from a plumbing fixture or vessel
into a water supply pipe due to a
negative pressure in such pipe - ansBack Siphonage
the flow of water or other liquids, ,mixtures, or substances into the distributing pipes of a
potable supply of water to a tank, plumbing fixture, or other device and the flood level rim of
the receptacle. - ansBACK FLOW
Pipes expand and contract due to
continuous changes in temperature.
An air space should be provided to
allow for breathing room - ansExpansion / Contraction
Friction occurs when liquid flowing through the pipe makes contact with the pipe enclosures,
thus reducing the speed of
