LECTURE 9 MIDDLE EAR SHS 311 TEST 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+ 2025/2026

LECTURE 9 MIDDLE EAR SHS 311 TEST
2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+ 2025/2026




Know the anatomical terms of the Tympanic Membrane introduced in class - ANS - (e.g.
manubrium of malleus, umbo, and cone of light, Annulus, Pars flaccida, Pars tensa).



Umbo - ANS point of attachment from tympanic membrane to malleus



Annulus - ANS Thickening of skin around tympanic membrane



Cone of light - ANS byproduct from doing otoscopy (reflection, good sign of healthy ear
drum)



Pars tensa - ANS thick, taut, central-inferior section of tympanic membrane



Pars flaccida - ANS small, slack, superior section of tympanic membrane



manubrium of malleus - ANS where malleus is attached to fibrous layer of TM

- "long arm"



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, Posterosuperior quadrant (4) - ANS



Anteriorsuperior quadrant (1) - ANS



Anteriorinferior quadrant (2) - ANS



Posteroinferior quadrant (3) - ANS



What is the function of the Tympanic Membrane? - ANS The Tympanic Membrane (TM) is
among the thinnest tissue in the body. This helps ensure that the TM vibrates well at high
frequencies.



• The TM does not alter the vibration of the incoming sound wave very much. The TM does
provide some amplification of sound, especially in the middle part connected to the Manubrium
of Malleus.



- Tympanic membrane sensitivity varies with frequency



- Different parts of the TM respond differently to different frequencies



Ossicular chain - ANS - Malleus, incus, stapes

- Smallest bones in body



- Umbo attaches to malleus, malleus attaches to incus, incus attaches to stapes, stapes attaches
to oval window



Malleus - ANS

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