General Chemistry placement Study
Guide Latest Updated
molecule - ANSWER-two nonmetal atoms combined form a covalent compound called a
diatomic molecules - ANSWER-H2,O2,F2
Matter - ANSWER-Anything that has mass and takes up space
Element - ANSWER-A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Compound - ANSWER-A pure substance made of two or more elements CHEMICALLY
combined.
Compound - ANSWER-Can be decomposed by chemically
Mixture - ANSWER-A PHYSICAL blend of two or more components
(aq) - ANSWER-aqueous mixture, a substance is dissolved in water
homogeneous mixture - ANSWER-A mixture that is so evenly mixed that you can't see
all of the different parts. Ex. Air, kool-aid
heterogeneous mixture - ANSWER-A mixture in which different materials can be seen
easily.
Ex. soil, chocolate chip cookies
filtration - ANSWER-process to separate a solid "precipitate" from a liquid
sublimation - ANSWER-phase change from (s) --> (g)
empirical formula - ANSWER-A formula showing the lowest whole number ratio of
atoms in a compound. Can't be reduced.
solid - ANSWER-A state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume
liquid - ANSWER-A form of matter that flows, has constant volume, and takes the shape
of its container
, Nucleus - ANSWER-A region that is located at the center of an atom and contains most
of the atom's mass (protons and neutrons)
Neutrons - ANSWER-neutral partical that has the same mass as a proton and is found
in an atom's nucleus.
Isotopes - ANSWER-Atoms of the same element having different masses because they
contain different numbers of neutrons.
Principle Energy Levels - ANSWER-energy levels of an atom "shells". Energy increases
further from the nucleus
valence electrons - ANSWER-Electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom
Lewis dot structures - ANSWER-diagrams that show valence electrons as dots
Bright line spectrum - ANSWER-colors produced when electrons fall to a lower energy
level and release energy in the form of light.
Ions - ANSWER-Atom or group of atoms(polyatomic) with a positive or negative
electrical charge due to a loss or gain of electrons. Ex: Na+, Cl- , NO3-
Mendeleev - ANSWER-Created the first periodic table. Arranged elements by
increasing atomic mass
Modern Periodic Table - ANSWER-elements are arranged in order of increasing
ATOMIC NUMBER
Groups of Periodic Table - ANSWER-Columns represent elements that have the same
number of valence electrons and share similar chemical and physical properties
Periods of periodic Table - ANSWER-Rows correspond with # of total principle energy
levels "shells" (rings)
Ionization Energy (IE) - ANSWER-Energy required to remove an electron from an atom
Electronegativity (EN) - ANSWER-Atom's ability to attract and hold electrons.
Metals - ANSWER-malleable (made into thin sheets) and lustrous (shiny)
good conductors of electricity and heat.
Low IE and Low EN - ANSWER-Metals
High IE and High EN - ANSWER-Nonmetals
Guide Latest Updated
molecule - ANSWER-two nonmetal atoms combined form a covalent compound called a
diatomic molecules - ANSWER-H2,O2,F2
Matter - ANSWER-Anything that has mass and takes up space
Element - ANSWER-A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Compound - ANSWER-A pure substance made of two or more elements CHEMICALLY
combined.
Compound - ANSWER-Can be decomposed by chemically
Mixture - ANSWER-A PHYSICAL blend of two or more components
(aq) - ANSWER-aqueous mixture, a substance is dissolved in water
homogeneous mixture - ANSWER-A mixture that is so evenly mixed that you can't see
all of the different parts. Ex. Air, kool-aid
heterogeneous mixture - ANSWER-A mixture in which different materials can be seen
easily.
Ex. soil, chocolate chip cookies
filtration - ANSWER-process to separate a solid "precipitate" from a liquid
sublimation - ANSWER-phase change from (s) --> (g)
empirical formula - ANSWER-A formula showing the lowest whole number ratio of
atoms in a compound. Can't be reduced.
solid - ANSWER-A state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume
liquid - ANSWER-A form of matter that flows, has constant volume, and takes the shape
of its container
, Nucleus - ANSWER-A region that is located at the center of an atom and contains most
of the atom's mass (protons and neutrons)
Neutrons - ANSWER-neutral partical that has the same mass as a proton and is found
in an atom's nucleus.
Isotopes - ANSWER-Atoms of the same element having different masses because they
contain different numbers of neutrons.
Principle Energy Levels - ANSWER-energy levels of an atom "shells". Energy increases
further from the nucleus
valence electrons - ANSWER-Electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom
Lewis dot structures - ANSWER-diagrams that show valence electrons as dots
Bright line spectrum - ANSWER-colors produced when electrons fall to a lower energy
level and release energy in the form of light.
Ions - ANSWER-Atom or group of atoms(polyatomic) with a positive or negative
electrical charge due to a loss or gain of electrons. Ex: Na+, Cl- , NO3-
Mendeleev - ANSWER-Created the first periodic table. Arranged elements by
increasing atomic mass
Modern Periodic Table - ANSWER-elements are arranged in order of increasing
ATOMIC NUMBER
Groups of Periodic Table - ANSWER-Columns represent elements that have the same
number of valence electrons and share similar chemical and physical properties
Periods of periodic Table - ANSWER-Rows correspond with # of total principle energy
levels "shells" (rings)
Ionization Energy (IE) - ANSWER-Energy required to remove an electron from an atom
Electronegativity (EN) - ANSWER-Atom's ability to attract and hold electrons.
Metals - ANSWER-malleable (made into thin sheets) and lustrous (shiny)
good conductors of electricity and heat.
Low IE and Low EN - ANSWER-Metals
High IE and High EN - ANSWER-Nonmetals
