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What is cutaneous pain?
derived from skin surface and subcutaneous tissues; injury is superficial, with a
sharp, burning sensation
What is referred pain?
pain felt in a part of the body other than its actual source
An autoimmune disorder.
Effects multiple joints symmetrically
Clinical manifestations include morning stiffness that gets better with activities,
joint pain, joint swelling, redness and fatigue.
Females are effected more than males.
Some medications used to treat is DMARDs to decrease joint inflammation.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Moist heat such as warm showers and whirlpool baths can be effective in
relieving pain and stiffness associated with inflamed joints. PT and OT may be
helpful in preserving joint function and mobility. ROM to promote joint
mobility. Aerobic exercises to promote cardiac health. Plan frequent rest
periods to manage fatigue and joint pain
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
,This is a build up of uric acid. Occurs most frequently in the great toe.
Risk factors include; obesity, hypertension, ingestion of large amounts of
seafood and red meats, excessive ETOH consumption, and chronic renal failure.
Clinical manifestations include sudden onset of pain unilaterally. Redness,
warmth and swelling of effected joint.
Presence of tophi - joint nodules of uric acid build up.
Uric acid level > 8
Gout
Mental status changes can indicate a CNS infection or tumor. Elevated
temperature indicates deterioration in status. You need to notify the doctor.
HIV/AIDS
Clinical manifestations include;
itchy, watery eyes
sneezing
headache
Type I hypersensitivity
Treatment includes epinephrine.
Go to the emergency department after use of epinephrine
Administered in the Vastus Lateralis muscle.
anaphylaxis
Most affective and longest acting immunity
Natural active immunity
This treatment is used for painful joints.
Cold therapy
This is not an autoimmune disorder.
It is the wear and tear of joints.
Joint pain is worse with activity.
, It effects one joint at a time.
Risk factor - obesity.
Clinical manifestation is Heberden's nodules, enlarged joint size, pain increased
after exercising.
Treatment is PT, pain control is essential for those participating in PT
Osteoarthritis (OA)
Classic sign is butterfly rash over the cheeks.
Risk for HTN and fevers related to infection, due to the immunosuppressant
treatment.
Lupus
This type of pain occurs in internal organs.
It is a sign of decreased blood flow.
You often see a low heart rate and sweating in your patient.
Visceral pain
Sit down.
Ask one question at a time.
Allow the client to answer.
Assessing pain in the elderly
This is transmitted via droplets.
Spread within 3-6 feet of infected person.
Implementing isolation and droplet precautions when admitted to the hospital.
Influenza
B cell is the primary cell in this immunity.
Developed in and matures in the bone marrow.
Humoral immunity.
This is used due to risk of infections and altered immune system.
Fresh fruit, vegetables, and flowers should be restricted.
Neutropenic precautions