NFB UPDATED EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
the particular arrangement by which a number of pairs of electrodes in EEG channels are
simultaneously displayed in an EEG record - CORRECT ANSWERS montage
the non-simultaneous occurrence of EEG activity in regions on the same or opposite sides of the
head - CORRECT ANSWERS asynchrony
Which rhythm ranges from 7-11 Hz and is detected over the central
or centro-parietal regions of the scalp when a patient is awake? - CORRECT ANSWERS mu
a montage in which the reference electrode is common to multiple derivations - CORRECT
ANSWERS common reference montage
Which montage best detects localized neural current sources? - CORRECT ANSWERS A
Laplacian montage achieves excellent detection of localized neural current sources because it
functions as a spatial high pass filter
refers to both the process of recording from a pair of electrodes in an EEG channel and the
resulting EEG record - CORRECT ANSWERS derivation
The _______ rhythm consists of bursts of alpha or theta waves
over the temporal region of the scalp when subjects are mentally active. - CORRECT
ANSWERS kappa
Which term refers to electrical activity that appears at two respective input terminals of a
differential amplifier? - CORRECT ANSWERS common mode signal
,the ratio of the output signal voltage to the input signal voltage of an EEG channel - CORRECT
ANSWERS gain
synchronous, rhythmic 12-14 Hz waves that
usually first appear during stage 2 sleep and reduce our responsiveness to environmental
stimuli like noise. - CORRECT ANSWERS sleep spindles
EEG rhythmicity appears to depend on interactions between - CORRECT ANSWERS the
cortex and thalamus
EEG desynchronization (interruption of rhythmical activity) is produced by - CORRECT
ANSWERS activation of ascending projections by the
basal forebrain, locus coeruleus, and raphe nuclei
Ascending projections from the basal forebrain and brainstem to the thalamus that interrupt
rhythmical activity release the
neurotransmitter - CORRECT ANSWERS acetylcholine
transforms the EEG signal into
numerical values that can help clinicians examine selected EEG features. - CORRECT
ANSWERS Quantitative EEG (QEEG) analysis
constructs a graphical display of
the distribution of a particular EEG feature over the scalp or cortical surface - CORRECT
ANSWERS Topographical mapping (TM)
,An advanced form of topographic mapping (TM) superimposes a color or gray scale image of an
EEG feature onto the cortical
surface image created using - CORRECT ANSWERS Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
When an analog-to-digital converter samples an analog signal at a rate less than twice its
frequency and the signal is misrepresented as slower frequency waveforms - CORRECT
ANSWERS aliasing
When a clinician wants to visually inspect a signal that has undergone analog-to-digital
conversion, the sampling rate should be at least __ times the highest frequency of interest or
else waveform morphology may be distorted - CORRECT ANSWERS 6
An increase in the neuromodulator ______ produces the hypercoupling that generates global
resonances, and leads to
sleep spindles and theta and delta activity - CORRECT ANSWERS serotonin
these resonances are produced by resonance loops between adjacent macro columns and
produce EEG activity in the gamma range (above 30 Hz). - CORRECT ANSWERS local
these resonances are produced
by resonance loops between macro columns that are several centimeters apart and produce
EEG activity in the alpha-beta range - CORRECT ANSWERS regional
these resonances are produced
by resonance loops between widely separated areas (e.g., frontal-parietal and frontal-occipital
regions) and produce EEG activity in the delta-theta range - CORRECT ANSWERS global
, structure is crucial to emotional intelligence because it sensitizes us to the social consequences
of our own actions and helps us understand the feelings of others - CORRECT
ANSWERS Orbitofrontal cortex
Withdrawal of sensorimotor input to the thalamus increases _______ - CORRECT
ANSWERS SMR activity
Brain stem cholinergic neurons generate________ - CORRECT ANSWERS thalamic alpha
rhythms
During vigilance input from the ______ helps generate the _____ rhythm. - CORRECT
ANSWERS reticular activating system, beta
The phenomenon of _______, where
synaptic efficiency increases due to activation, has been proposed as an explanation for why
neurofeedback training
effects persist in ADHD patients - CORRECT ANSWERS long-term potentiation
Sterman proposed that _____, _____, and _____ influence thalamic
generation of field potentials - CORRECT ANSWERS vigilance, sensorimotor integration,
cognitive integration systems
The ______ is the part of the
reticular formation that is specialized for vigilance - CORRECT ANSWERS noradrenergic
locus coeruleus system
An axon hillock must typically become ___ mV more positive than at rest to reach the _______
and trigger an action potential. - CORRECT ANSWERS 20, threshold of excitation
CORRECT ANSWERS
the particular arrangement by which a number of pairs of electrodes in EEG channels are
simultaneously displayed in an EEG record - CORRECT ANSWERS montage
the non-simultaneous occurrence of EEG activity in regions on the same or opposite sides of the
head - CORRECT ANSWERS asynchrony
Which rhythm ranges from 7-11 Hz and is detected over the central
or centro-parietal regions of the scalp when a patient is awake? - CORRECT ANSWERS mu
a montage in which the reference electrode is common to multiple derivations - CORRECT
ANSWERS common reference montage
Which montage best detects localized neural current sources? - CORRECT ANSWERS A
Laplacian montage achieves excellent detection of localized neural current sources because it
functions as a spatial high pass filter
refers to both the process of recording from a pair of electrodes in an EEG channel and the
resulting EEG record - CORRECT ANSWERS derivation
The _______ rhythm consists of bursts of alpha or theta waves
over the temporal region of the scalp when subjects are mentally active. - CORRECT
ANSWERS kappa
Which term refers to electrical activity that appears at two respective input terminals of a
differential amplifier? - CORRECT ANSWERS common mode signal
,the ratio of the output signal voltage to the input signal voltage of an EEG channel - CORRECT
ANSWERS gain
synchronous, rhythmic 12-14 Hz waves that
usually first appear during stage 2 sleep and reduce our responsiveness to environmental
stimuli like noise. - CORRECT ANSWERS sleep spindles
EEG rhythmicity appears to depend on interactions between - CORRECT ANSWERS the
cortex and thalamus
EEG desynchronization (interruption of rhythmical activity) is produced by - CORRECT
ANSWERS activation of ascending projections by the
basal forebrain, locus coeruleus, and raphe nuclei
Ascending projections from the basal forebrain and brainstem to the thalamus that interrupt
rhythmical activity release the
neurotransmitter - CORRECT ANSWERS acetylcholine
transforms the EEG signal into
numerical values that can help clinicians examine selected EEG features. - CORRECT
ANSWERS Quantitative EEG (QEEG) analysis
constructs a graphical display of
the distribution of a particular EEG feature over the scalp or cortical surface - CORRECT
ANSWERS Topographical mapping (TM)
,An advanced form of topographic mapping (TM) superimposes a color or gray scale image of an
EEG feature onto the cortical
surface image created using - CORRECT ANSWERS Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
When an analog-to-digital converter samples an analog signal at a rate less than twice its
frequency and the signal is misrepresented as slower frequency waveforms - CORRECT
ANSWERS aliasing
When a clinician wants to visually inspect a signal that has undergone analog-to-digital
conversion, the sampling rate should be at least __ times the highest frequency of interest or
else waveform morphology may be distorted - CORRECT ANSWERS 6
An increase in the neuromodulator ______ produces the hypercoupling that generates global
resonances, and leads to
sleep spindles and theta and delta activity - CORRECT ANSWERS serotonin
these resonances are produced by resonance loops between adjacent macro columns and
produce EEG activity in the gamma range (above 30 Hz). - CORRECT ANSWERS local
these resonances are produced
by resonance loops between macro columns that are several centimeters apart and produce
EEG activity in the alpha-beta range - CORRECT ANSWERS regional
these resonances are produced
by resonance loops between widely separated areas (e.g., frontal-parietal and frontal-occipital
regions) and produce EEG activity in the delta-theta range - CORRECT ANSWERS global
, structure is crucial to emotional intelligence because it sensitizes us to the social consequences
of our own actions and helps us understand the feelings of others - CORRECT
ANSWERS Orbitofrontal cortex
Withdrawal of sensorimotor input to the thalamus increases _______ - CORRECT
ANSWERS SMR activity
Brain stem cholinergic neurons generate________ - CORRECT ANSWERS thalamic alpha
rhythms
During vigilance input from the ______ helps generate the _____ rhythm. - CORRECT
ANSWERS reticular activating system, beta
The phenomenon of _______, where
synaptic efficiency increases due to activation, has been proposed as an explanation for why
neurofeedback training
effects persist in ADHD patients - CORRECT ANSWERS long-term potentiation
Sterman proposed that _____, _____, and _____ influence thalamic
generation of field potentials - CORRECT ANSWERS vigilance, sensorimotor integration,
cognitive integration systems
The ______ is the part of the
reticular formation that is specialized for vigilance - CORRECT ANSWERS noradrenergic
locus coeruleus system
An axon hillock must typically become ___ mV more positive than at rest to reach the _______
and trigger an action potential. - CORRECT ANSWERS 20, threshold of excitation
