NR565 Final Exam Microbiology | 100%
Exam-Focused Questions & Answers with
Rationales | Nightingale College Ultimate
Pass Guide
1. Which organism is a Gram-positive cocci arranged in clusters?
A. Streptococcus pyogenes
B. Neisseria meningitidis
C. Staphylococcus aureus
D. Enterococcus faecalis
Answer: C
Rationale: Staphylococcus species are Gram-positive cocci in clusters.
2. Which structure protects bacteria from phagocytosis?
A. Flagella
B. Capsule
C. Ribosome
D. Pili
,Answer: B
Rationale: Capsules enhance virulence by preventing immune
destruction.
3. A patient with tuberculosis requires which isolation precaution?
A. Contact
B. Droplet
C. Airborne
D. Standard only
Answer: C
Rationale: TB is transmitted via airborne droplet nuclei.
4. Which organism lacks a cell wall and is resistant to beta-lactams?
A. E. coli
B. Staphylococcus aureus
C. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
D. Bacillus anthracis
Answer: C
Rationale: Mycoplasma has no cell wall.
5. Endotoxins are found in which organisms?
A. Gram-positive bacteria
B. Gram-negative bacteria
,C. Viruses
D. Fungi
Answer: B
Rationale: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is found in Gram-negative outer
membranes.
6. Which immune cell produces antibodies?
A. T-helper cell
B. Neutrophil
C. Plasma cell
D. Macrophage
Answer: C
Rationale: Plasma cells secrete antibodies.
7. Which organism causes Lyme disease?
A. Rickettsia rickettsii
B. Borrelia burgdorferi
C. Treponema pallidum
D. Plasmodium falciparum
Answer: B
Rationale: Lyme disease is tick-borne Borrelia infection.
8. Which lab test confirms HIV infection after screening?
, A. Gram stain
B. Western blot or PCR
C. CBC
D. Blood culture
Answer: B
Rationale: ELISA screens; Western blot/PCR confirms.
9. Which pathogen causes opportunistic pneumonia in AIDS patients?
A. Streptococcus pneumoniae
B. Pneumocystis jirovecii
C. Haemophilus influenzae
D. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Answer: B
Rationale: PCP is common with CD4 <200.
10. Which antibiotic inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis?
A. Tetracycline
B. Ciprofloxacin
C. Penicillin
D. Azithromycin
Answer: C
Rationale: Beta-lactams inhibit peptidoglycan formation.
11. Which infection is fungal?
Exam-Focused Questions & Answers with
Rationales | Nightingale College Ultimate
Pass Guide
1. Which organism is a Gram-positive cocci arranged in clusters?
A. Streptococcus pyogenes
B. Neisseria meningitidis
C. Staphylococcus aureus
D. Enterococcus faecalis
Answer: C
Rationale: Staphylococcus species are Gram-positive cocci in clusters.
2. Which structure protects bacteria from phagocytosis?
A. Flagella
B. Capsule
C. Ribosome
D. Pili
,Answer: B
Rationale: Capsules enhance virulence by preventing immune
destruction.
3. A patient with tuberculosis requires which isolation precaution?
A. Contact
B. Droplet
C. Airborne
D. Standard only
Answer: C
Rationale: TB is transmitted via airborne droplet nuclei.
4. Which organism lacks a cell wall and is resistant to beta-lactams?
A. E. coli
B. Staphylococcus aureus
C. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
D. Bacillus anthracis
Answer: C
Rationale: Mycoplasma has no cell wall.
5. Endotoxins are found in which organisms?
A. Gram-positive bacteria
B. Gram-negative bacteria
,C. Viruses
D. Fungi
Answer: B
Rationale: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is found in Gram-negative outer
membranes.
6. Which immune cell produces antibodies?
A. T-helper cell
B. Neutrophil
C. Plasma cell
D. Macrophage
Answer: C
Rationale: Plasma cells secrete antibodies.
7. Which organism causes Lyme disease?
A. Rickettsia rickettsii
B. Borrelia burgdorferi
C. Treponema pallidum
D. Plasmodium falciparum
Answer: B
Rationale: Lyme disease is tick-borne Borrelia infection.
8. Which lab test confirms HIV infection after screening?
, A. Gram stain
B. Western blot or PCR
C. CBC
D. Blood culture
Answer: B
Rationale: ELISA screens; Western blot/PCR confirms.
9. Which pathogen causes opportunistic pneumonia in AIDS patients?
A. Streptococcus pneumoniae
B. Pneumocystis jirovecii
C. Haemophilus influenzae
D. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Answer: B
Rationale: PCP is common with CD4 <200.
10. Which antibiotic inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis?
A. Tetracycline
B. Ciprofloxacin
C. Penicillin
D. Azithromycin
Answer: C
Rationale: Beta-lactams inhibit peptidoglycan formation.
11. Which infection is fungal?
