PATHOPHYS HCR 240 MIDTERM EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2025/2026
ETIOLOGY - ANS CAUSE OF DISEASE
TRANSUDATE - ANS A NON-INFECTED BLISTER IS AN EXAMPLE
HYPERPLASIA - ANS KELOID FORMATION IS AN EXAMPLE OF THIS CELLUR ADAPTATION
PYROGENS - ANS THE CHEMICALS THAT CUASE FEVERS
BENIGN - ANS THIS TYPE OF NEOPLASM DOES NOT METASTASIZE
STRICTURE - ANS A NARROWING OF AN OPEN AREA; FOR EXAMPLE NARROWING OF THE
ESPOHAGUS
HISTOLOGY - ANS MICROSOPIC STUDY OF TISSUES
HISTAMINE - ANS THIS MAST CELL CHEMICAL CAUSES SNEEZING, RUNNING NOSE AND
IRRITATION IN UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,GANGRENE - ANS PROLONG ISCHEMIA AND NECROSIS, USUALLY OCCURS IN EXTREMITIES
FISTULA - ANS ABNORMAL CONNECTION BETWEEN TWO STRUCTURES (EPITHELIUM-LINED
ORGANS)
PURULENT EXUDATE - ANS ANOTHER WORD FOR PUS
DEBRIDEMENT - ANS REMOVAL OF NECROTIC TISSUE FROM A PATIENT
NEOPLASIA - ANS "NEW GROWTH" THAT IS OFTEN DISORGANIZED AND UNCONTROLLED
CHEMOTAXIS - ANS CHEMICAL SIGNALS THAT ATTRACT WBCs AND PLATELETS
MUSCLE ATROPHY - ANS SHRINKAGE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS DUE TO PARALYSIS
What are 2 causes of cellular injury? - ANS 1) Hypoxia- Diminished oxygen to cells due to
ischemia, problems with RBCs and pulmonary issues
2) Free Radical Injury- Formed during aerobic metabolism, AKS reactive oxygen species, contain
unpaired electrons which interact with and disrupt plasma membrane
Apoptosis - ANS programmed cell death, does not cause inflammation or adverse affect
around surrounding tissues
Necrosis - ANS tissue death due to injury, affects cells severely, and acts really fast,
irreversible process
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Candida - ANS Fungal- Mouth; oropharyngeal, vulvovaginal
Common cold - ANS Viral; Nose and lungs
Epstein-Barr virus - ANS EBV - Viral ; Glands, ,throat, GI
Escherichia coli - ANS E. coli; Bacterial; GI -intestines
Haemophilus influenzae - ANS Bacterial; joints, bones, skin of the face and neck, eyes,
Urinary tract,
Herpes Simplex Virus - ANS Viral; skin, genitals, eyes, buttocks, anal
Influenza - ANS Viral; Upper/lower respiratory tract
Malaria - ANS A disease caused by mosquitoes implanting parasites in the blood.; PARASITIC;
Liver and spleen
MMR - ANS measles: Respiratory tract, mumps- parotid and salivary glands, rubella- skin and
lymph nodes; VIRAL
Pneumonia Infections - ANS BACTERIAL; Lungs; Respiratory Tract
Staphylococcal Infections - ANS BACTERIAL; skin, vagina, nares, and oropharynx
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2025/2026
ETIOLOGY - ANS CAUSE OF DISEASE
TRANSUDATE - ANS A NON-INFECTED BLISTER IS AN EXAMPLE
HYPERPLASIA - ANS KELOID FORMATION IS AN EXAMPLE OF THIS CELLUR ADAPTATION
PYROGENS - ANS THE CHEMICALS THAT CUASE FEVERS
BENIGN - ANS THIS TYPE OF NEOPLASM DOES NOT METASTASIZE
STRICTURE - ANS A NARROWING OF AN OPEN AREA; FOR EXAMPLE NARROWING OF THE
ESPOHAGUS
HISTOLOGY - ANS MICROSOPIC STUDY OF TISSUES
HISTAMINE - ANS THIS MAST CELL CHEMICAL CAUSES SNEEZING, RUNNING NOSE AND
IRRITATION IN UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,GANGRENE - ANS PROLONG ISCHEMIA AND NECROSIS, USUALLY OCCURS IN EXTREMITIES
FISTULA - ANS ABNORMAL CONNECTION BETWEEN TWO STRUCTURES (EPITHELIUM-LINED
ORGANS)
PURULENT EXUDATE - ANS ANOTHER WORD FOR PUS
DEBRIDEMENT - ANS REMOVAL OF NECROTIC TISSUE FROM A PATIENT
NEOPLASIA - ANS "NEW GROWTH" THAT IS OFTEN DISORGANIZED AND UNCONTROLLED
CHEMOTAXIS - ANS CHEMICAL SIGNALS THAT ATTRACT WBCs AND PLATELETS
MUSCLE ATROPHY - ANS SHRINKAGE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS DUE TO PARALYSIS
What are 2 causes of cellular injury? - ANS 1) Hypoxia- Diminished oxygen to cells due to
ischemia, problems with RBCs and pulmonary issues
2) Free Radical Injury- Formed during aerobic metabolism, AKS reactive oxygen species, contain
unpaired electrons which interact with and disrupt plasma membrane
Apoptosis - ANS programmed cell death, does not cause inflammation or adverse affect
around surrounding tissues
Necrosis - ANS tissue death due to injury, affects cells severely, and acts really fast,
irreversible process
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Candida - ANS Fungal- Mouth; oropharyngeal, vulvovaginal
Common cold - ANS Viral; Nose and lungs
Epstein-Barr virus - ANS EBV - Viral ; Glands, ,throat, GI
Escherichia coli - ANS E. coli; Bacterial; GI -intestines
Haemophilus influenzae - ANS Bacterial; joints, bones, skin of the face and neck, eyes,
Urinary tract,
Herpes Simplex Virus - ANS Viral; skin, genitals, eyes, buttocks, anal
Influenza - ANS Viral; Upper/lower respiratory tract
Malaria - ANS A disease caused by mosquitoes implanting parasites in the blood.; PARASITIC;
Liver and spleen
MMR - ANS measles: Respiratory tract, mumps- parotid and salivary glands, rubella- skin and
lymph nodes; VIRAL
Pneumonia Infections - ANS BACTERIAL; Lungs; Respiratory Tract
Staphylococcal Infections - ANS BACTERIAL; skin, vagina, nares, and oropharynx
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
