OMK: PT6 Wk 19-20 (RAT/LO/PLOs)
2025/2026 Exam Questions and Correct
Answers | New Update
PLO: Explain the course of blood flow from the aorta back to the left
ventricle; learn the functions of the right and left atria and ventricles. (Dr.
Morganelli) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1.) Vena cava
2.) Left atrium
-----tricuspid valve----
3.) Left ventricle
----pulmonary valve---
4.) Pulmonary trunk/artery (a=away from heart)
,---lungs---
5.) pulmonary veins (there's 4)
6.) right atrium
----mitral valve---
7.) right ventricle
----aortic valve---
8.) aorta (ascending)
9.) Arch of right brachiocephalic, left carotid, left subclavian artery
---to the body---
PLO: Define systole and diastole; define stroke volume, end-diastolic
volume, end-systolic volume, and ejection fraction. - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔●Systole- period of ventricular contraction and ejection.
●Diastole- period of ventricular relaxation and filling
●Stroke volume (SV)- amount of blood ejected by ventricles per cardiac
cycle as a rate (60- 100 mls for adults)
,●End-systolic volume (ESV)- volume of blood in ventricles at END of
systole.
●End-diastolic volume (EDV)- volume of blood in ventricles at END of
diastole.
●Ejection fraction (EF)- EF = (SV/EDV)x 100; volume that is ejected out of
total ED volume as a percent; 55-75% for healthy adults.
PLO: Define cardiac output and learn the units that normally indicate it;
learn how SV and HR relate to CO. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Cardiac Output= total
output of the ventricles as a volume (L/min). Can change as our metabolic
needs change
-cardiac index= cardiac output rate/surface area (used on assessing CO on
babies)
● CO = (SV)(HR)
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, *O=VR *think: ovaries
SV=stroke volume
*HR=heart rate
PLO: Define systemic or total vascular resistance (TRP) - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔=the resistance in the circulatory system that creates blood pressure.
-increase vasoconstriction, causes increases resistance
-Mean Arterial Pressure=drives the cardiac circulation, makes sense since
arteries does all the work pushing blood out
PLO: Define mean arterial pressure (MAP); learn the relationship between
MAP, CO, and TPR - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔=average pressure in the LARGE
arteries for a cardiac cycle and the force that maintains
flow
-main force that drives the cardiac circulation, makes sense since arteries
does all the work pushing blood out
●MAP at rest =diastolic P + 1/3 (sys-diastolic)
●MAP =CO x TPR
2025/2026 Exam Questions and Correct
Answers | New Update
PLO: Explain the course of blood flow from the aorta back to the left
ventricle; learn the functions of the right and left atria and ventricles. (Dr.
Morganelli) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1.) Vena cava
2.) Left atrium
-----tricuspid valve----
3.) Left ventricle
----pulmonary valve---
4.) Pulmonary trunk/artery (a=away from heart)
,---lungs---
5.) pulmonary veins (there's 4)
6.) right atrium
----mitral valve---
7.) right ventricle
----aortic valve---
8.) aorta (ascending)
9.) Arch of right brachiocephalic, left carotid, left subclavian artery
---to the body---
PLO: Define systole and diastole; define stroke volume, end-diastolic
volume, end-systolic volume, and ejection fraction. - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔●Systole- period of ventricular contraction and ejection.
●Diastole- period of ventricular relaxation and filling
●Stroke volume (SV)- amount of blood ejected by ventricles per cardiac
cycle as a rate (60- 100 mls for adults)
,●End-systolic volume (ESV)- volume of blood in ventricles at END of
systole.
●End-diastolic volume (EDV)- volume of blood in ventricles at END of
diastole.
●Ejection fraction (EF)- EF = (SV/EDV)x 100; volume that is ejected out of
total ED volume as a percent; 55-75% for healthy adults.
PLO: Define cardiac output and learn the units that normally indicate it;
learn how SV and HR relate to CO. - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Cardiac Output= total
output of the ventricles as a volume (L/min). Can change as our metabolic
needs change
-cardiac index= cardiac output rate/surface area (used on assessing CO on
babies)
● CO = (SV)(HR)
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, *O=VR *think: ovaries
SV=stroke volume
*HR=heart rate
PLO: Define systemic or total vascular resistance (TRP) - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔=the resistance in the circulatory system that creates blood pressure.
-increase vasoconstriction, causes increases resistance
-Mean Arterial Pressure=drives the cardiac circulation, makes sense since
arteries does all the work pushing blood out
PLO: Define mean arterial pressure (MAP); learn the relationship between
MAP, CO, and TPR - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔=average pressure in the LARGE
arteries for a cardiac cycle and the force that maintains
flow
-main force that drives the cardiac circulation, makes sense since arteries
does all the work pushing blood out
●MAP at rest =diastolic P + 1/3 (sys-diastolic)
●MAP =CO x TPR
