MMSC 200 EXAM 2.
Perfect Prep for Every Paper | Precision in Every Answer!
Nitrogenous wastes in urine - Answer: urea, uric acid, creatinine
Functions of the Kidney - Answer: -Filter wastes to form urine; about 200 quarts of blood
are filtered every day to form 2 quarts of urine
-Maintain proper balance of water, electrolytes (sodium, potassium), and acids
Hormones of the Kidney - Answer: erythropoietin and renin
How does the kidney produce urine? - Answer: Blood enters the kidney through the left
and right renal arteries
What filters blood? - Answer: Glomerulus, this occurs by the blood Plasma passing
through
Afferent vs Efferent arteriole - Answer: afferent arteriole brings blood to the glomerulus
and the efferent arteriole takes blood away from the glomerulus.
Bowman's capsule - Answer: cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron which encloses the
glomerulus and which filtration takes place.
Four steps of urine production - Answer: 1. Glomerular Filtration
2. Tubular Reabsorption
3. Tubular Secretion
4. Water Reabsorption
Nephron - Answer: Glomerulus and the renal tubule form a nephron. There are 1.2
million in each kidney.
Parts of the nephron - Answer:
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,Parenchyma - Answer: functional part of an organ
Calyces - Answer: cup-like structures that funnel urine towards the renal pelvis
Renal calices - Answer: Part of collecting system that encompasses apex of renal
pyramids
How does the kidney produce urine - Answer: By filtration of the blood and selective
reabsorption of useful substances such as glucose, some ions and water
Organs in the male urinary system - Answer: kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
Prostate
Organs of female urinary system - Answer: kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra,
vagina
Uterus
Erythropoietin - Answer: stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow
Renin - Answer: hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing
vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
Angiotensin II - Answer: stimulates aldosterone secretion
Aldosterone from the adrenal gland - Answer: - controls salt and water balance
- regulated by the RAAS system
- can reabsorb water and/ or sodium into the blood
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, Juxtaglomerular apparatus - Answer: Specialized cells next to the glomerulus that help
to regulate blood pressure. Synthesizes and stores renin
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - Answer: - if blood osmolarity is above the normal range,
ADH is secreted from the pituitary glad
- Increased the permeability of the collecting duct, more water can be reclaimed by the
bloodstream
- Urine output is decreased
Diabetese Insipidus - Answer: - "Too much tasteless urine"
- Insufficient ADH of kidneys doesn't respond to ADH, water is lost and lot of urine is
produced.
Diabestes mellitus - Answer: "Mellitus means Sweet"
- Glycosuria
- Polyuria (frequent urination)
- Hyperglycemia (increased blood glucose levels)
Dips/o - Answer: thirst
Glomerul/o - Answer: glomerulus
Glycos/o - Answer: sugar
Hydr/o - Answer: water
Isch/o - Answer: to hold back
Kal/o - Answer: Potassium
Ket/o - Answer: ketones
3
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
Perfect Prep for Every Paper | Precision in Every Answer!
Nitrogenous wastes in urine - Answer: urea, uric acid, creatinine
Functions of the Kidney - Answer: -Filter wastes to form urine; about 200 quarts of blood
are filtered every day to form 2 quarts of urine
-Maintain proper balance of water, electrolytes (sodium, potassium), and acids
Hormones of the Kidney - Answer: erythropoietin and renin
How does the kidney produce urine? - Answer: Blood enters the kidney through the left
and right renal arteries
What filters blood? - Answer: Glomerulus, this occurs by the blood Plasma passing
through
Afferent vs Efferent arteriole - Answer: afferent arteriole brings blood to the glomerulus
and the efferent arteriole takes blood away from the glomerulus.
Bowman's capsule - Answer: cup-shaped strucutre of the nephron which encloses the
glomerulus and which filtration takes place.
Four steps of urine production - Answer: 1. Glomerular Filtration
2. Tubular Reabsorption
3. Tubular Secretion
4. Water Reabsorption
Nephron - Answer: Glomerulus and the renal tubule form a nephron. There are 1.2
million in each kidney.
Parts of the nephron - Answer:
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,Parenchyma - Answer: functional part of an organ
Calyces - Answer: cup-like structures that funnel urine towards the renal pelvis
Renal calices - Answer: Part of collecting system that encompasses apex of renal
pyramids
How does the kidney produce urine - Answer: By filtration of the blood and selective
reabsorption of useful substances such as glucose, some ions and water
Organs in the male urinary system - Answer: kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
Prostate
Organs of female urinary system - Answer: kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra,
vagina
Uterus
Erythropoietin - Answer: stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow
Renin - Answer: hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing
vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
Angiotensin II - Answer: stimulates aldosterone secretion
Aldosterone from the adrenal gland - Answer: - controls salt and water balance
- regulated by the RAAS system
- can reabsorb water and/ or sodium into the blood
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, Juxtaglomerular apparatus - Answer: Specialized cells next to the glomerulus that help
to regulate blood pressure. Synthesizes and stores renin
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - Answer: - if blood osmolarity is above the normal range,
ADH is secreted from the pituitary glad
- Increased the permeability of the collecting duct, more water can be reclaimed by the
bloodstream
- Urine output is decreased
Diabetese Insipidus - Answer: - "Too much tasteless urine"
- Insufficient ADH of kidneys doesn't respond to ADH, water is lost and lot of urine is
produced.
Diabestes mellitus - Answer: "Mellitus means Sweet"
- Glycosuria
- Polyuria (frequent urination)
- Hyperglycemia (increased blood glucose levels)
Dips/o - Answer: thirst
Glomerul/o - Answer: glomerulus
Glycos/o - Answer: sugar
Hydr/o - Answer: water
Isch/o - Answer: to hold back
Kal/o - Answer: Potassium
Ket/o - Answer: ketones
3
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
