HDFS 401 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Sense of self (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS The awareness of the self as differentiated from
people, is crucial for children's development (176)
Individual self (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Aspects of the self that involve connections to
other people and develops out of social interactions. The internal working model of attachment
is an example of relational self (177)
Collective self (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Refers to the person's concept of self with in a
group, such as a group based on race, ethnicity, or gender (177)
Online self (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Is one relatively recent form of self-representation.
(177)
Development origins of self from birth to late adolescence. (6) - CORRECT
ANSWERS Birth-1: Cannot recognize them self in mirror.
2: giggle show embarrassment, and act silly at reflection.
3-4: Observe physical features
5-7: Describe them selves on competencies
11: social relationships
Mid teens: introspective and values others view of themself.
Late teens: Conflict over opposing self attributes. (177-78)
Domain Specific Perceptions - CORRECT ANSWERS Learning self appraisal
Gender and global self-esteem
,Social determinants of self-esteem
Family
peers
mentors
Building self-esteem
Self perceptions (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS
Self esteem (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS The evaluative component of self that taps how
positively or negatively people view themselves in relation to others (180)
Learning Self-appraisal (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Are not very accurate or realistic children
under 8 rate themselves to positively. Self perception may reflect what they "want to be". How
children evaluate themselves in different domains affects their overall sense of self esteem
depending on the importance they place on each domain. Including academics, athletics and
social acceptance. (180)
Gender and global self-esteem GIRLS (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Girls have lower global self
esteem than boys beginning in middle childhood.
Girls could positively benefit from sports but fear it will damage their feminity.
Girls compare themselves to women in media who are air brushed and touch up. Making
unrealistic expectations on themselves. (183)
Gender and global self-esteem BOYS (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Boys are more dominate
and assertive than girls, especially in mixed gender groups.
,Boys have more opportunities than girls to participate in sports.
Boys have higher view of their looks. (183)
Social determinants of self-esteem (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Factors in social environment
at home and at school influence children's global self esteem (183)
Family and self esteem (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS When parent are involved and accept
children, set consistent rules, non-coercive disciplinary tactics, children had higher self esteem
in middle childhood.
Girls had higher self esteem if mothers were more affectionate. (183)
Peers and self esteem (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Self esteem become increasingly
influenced by their peers opinion as their children grow older. Peer promote adolescents slef
perceptions in the domain of physical appearance popularity, and athletic competence.
Public domain: classes, clubs, teams, and work settings.
Private domain: Close friends (184)
Mentors and self esteem (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Mentors such as teachers, coaches,
family/friends, big brother/big sisters have shown to increase self esteem in the mentee. But
depends on quality, consistency, and duration of the mentoring. (184)
Identity (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS The definition of oneself as a discrete, separate entity.
Addresses the question "who am I" and "what will I become".
, Erickson was one of the first psychologist to study adolescents' identity development.
5th stage of Ericksons' theory focused on the search for a stable self-identiy. Failure of finding a
stable self-identity will result in identity confusion (185)
Marcia Identity outcomes (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Identity diffusion: Person has
experienced neither identity crisis nor identity commitment
Identity foreclosure: Person has made a commitment with out attempting identity exploration.
Identity moratorium: Person is actively involved in exploring different identities, but has not
made a commitment.
Identity achievement: Person has gone through exploration of different identities and made a
commitment to one. (186)
Identity achievement (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Most developmentally advanced identity
outcome--is associated with several positive outcomes, including high slef-esteem, cognitive,
flexibility, mature moral reasoning, clear goal setting, better goal achievement.
Teens who have achieved a sense of identity are able to develop close intimate relationships.
(186)
Identity Foreclosed (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Remains committed to childhood values and
beliefs, and do not use adolescence as a period to explore other potential identities.
They are more authoritarian and inflexible and more susceptible to extreme ideologies, and
movements, such as cults, gangs, or racial political movements. (186)
CORRECT ANSWERS
Sense of self (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS The awareness of the self as differentiated from
people, is crucial for children's development (176)
Individual self (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Aspects of the self that involve connections to
other people and develops out of social interactions. The internal working model of attachment
is an example of relational self (177)
Collective self (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Refers to the person's concept of self with in a
group, such as a group based on race, ethnicity, or gender (177)
Online self (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Is one relatively recent form of self-representation.
(177)
Development origins of self from birth to late adolescence. (6) - CORRECT
ANSWERS Birth-1: Cannot recognize them self in mirror.
2: giggle show embarrassment, and act silly at reflection.
3-4: Observe physical features
5-7: Describe them selves on competencies
11: social relationships
Mid teens: introspective and values others view of themself.
Late teens: Conflict over opposing self attributes. (177-78)
Domain Specific Perceptions - CORRECT ANSWERS Learning self appraisal
Gender and global self-esteem
,Social determinants of self-esteem
Family
peers
mentors
Building self-esteem
Self perceptions (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS
Self esteem (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS The evaluative component of self that taps how
positively or negatively people view themselves in relation to others (180)
Learning Self-appraisal (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Are not very accurate or realistic children
under 8 rate themselves to positively. Self perception may reflect what they "want to be". How
children evaluate themselves in different domains affects their overall sense of self esteem
depending on the importance they place on each domain. Including academics, athletics and
social acceptance. (180)
Gender and global self-esteem GIRLS (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Girls have lower global self
esteem than boys beginning in middle childhood.
Girls could positively benefit from sports but fear it will damage their feminity.
Girls compare themselves to women in media who are air brushed and touch up. Making
unrealistic expectations on themselves. (183)
Gender and global self-esteem BOYS (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Boys are more dominate
and assertive than girls, especially in mixed gender groups.
,Boys have more opportunities than girls to participate in sports.
Boys have higher view of their looks. (183)
Social determinants of self-esteem (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Factors in social environment
at home and at school influence children's global self esteem (183)
Family and self esteem (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS When parent are involved and accept
children, set consistent rules, non-coercive disciplinary tactics, children had higher self esteem
in middle childhood.
Girls had higher self esteem if mothers were more affectionate. (183)
Peers and self esteem (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Self esteem become increasingly
influenced by their peers opinion as their children grow older. Peer promote adolescents slef
perceptions in the domain of physical appearance popularity, and athletic competence.
Public domain: classes, clubs, teams, and work settings.
Private domain: Close friends (184)
Mentors and self esteem (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Mentors such as teachers, coaches,
family/friends, big brother/big sisters have shown to increase self esteem in the mentee. But
depends on quality, consistency, and duration of the mentoring. (184)
Identity (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS The definition of oneself as a discrete, separate entity.
Addresses the question "who am I" and "what will I become".
, Erickson was one of the first psychologist to study adolescents' identity development.
5th stage of Ericksons' theory focused on the search for a stable self-identiy. Failure of finding a
stable self-identity will result in identity confusion (185)
Marcia Identity outcomes (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Identity diffusion: Person has
experienced neither identity crisis nor identity commitment
Identity foreclosure: Person has made a commitment with out attempting identity exploration.
Identity moratorium: Person is actively involved in exploring different identities, but has not
made a commitment.
Identity achievement: Person has gone through exploration of different identities and made a
commitment to one. (186)
Identity achievement (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Most developmentally advanced identity
outcome--is associated with several positive outcomes, including high slef-esteem, cognitive,
flexibility, mature moral reasoning, clear goal setting, better goal achievement.
Teens who have achieved a sense of identity are able to develop close intimate relationships.
(186)
Identity Foreclosed (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS Remains committed to childhood values and
beliefs, and do not use adolescence as a period to explore other potential identities.
They are more authoritarian and inflexible and more susceptible to extreme ideologies, and
movements, such as cults, gangs, or racial political movements. (186)
